Running Head: Specific Needs Essay

As a service worker there are a number of identified demands that the client is proposing or the family of the client which is dealing with East London care home. Mr. Park was analysed and related to his disabilities, various suitable concepts of health were introduced within his treatment. There are many socioeconomic levels of people living in the same community. A group may be more advantageous than the other. Income, area of residence, gender, ethnicity, occupation, and education are some of the factors which manipulate personal health maintenance (Graham, 2004, p. 4-9). A person’s education occupation and income are inter-related and manoeuvre his or her lifestyle and health status. The UK government takes healthcare policies very seriously and is working hard to eliminate discrepancies from its system. The variety of factors that lead to inequalities is a limitation for policy developers but the government has unlimited access to all the relevant data. The state holds the best position to report healthcare system inadequacy. Social policies are directing towards to reforms as legislations should be further introduced so that cases like Mr. Holland may not face the lack in assessment during the search for a care home in the United Kingdom. Variation in opportunities available to people, lead to inequality in healthcare provision. This disparity can be observed throughout the life of individuals. There is a study suggesting that difficulties in the initial period of life lead to healthcare issues in adult life (Power et al, 2007, p. 532-9). Adults with impecunious resources find difficulty in managing their job with a concurrent malady and associated discrimination. These people are vulnerable to abuse and addiction due to their social environment. Their dietary habits also contribute to their overall hygiene; malnourished people are more prone to catching diseases than well-nourished people. The gradient in health status of people with varying social and  economical backgrounds is also evident in average life span of both groups (Atherton et al, 2007, p. 486-91). People with limited or no education is engaged in hazardous occupations with chances of physical harm. Unemployed folks are dependent on their benefactor or state for fulfilment of their fitness needs. The difference in health perception is also a contributing factor to healthcare inequalities. Most of the citizens do not seek medical help until they are sick. Immigrants from under-developed countries of the world are customized to their less-privileged conditions back home. The behaviour of these migrants adds to healthcare inequalities existent in Britain. They are not aware of their health rights in United Kingdom and fail to grasp the value of their health as a contribution to society. Women’ health conditions especially of those in child-bearing age highlight the contrast in healthcare provision to society. Health care and social settings cater and server society in numerous possible ways. For the utmost productivity and results, health care systems have to collaborate with other sectors and fields. One of the most important sector with which the health systems have to work in collaboration with, is the social care sector. Social care might entail processes and procedures that enhance their effectiveness by collaborating and working in partnerships. This report represents the cultural awareness that is required within this particular case, services should be available that is highlighted within the report. The theories and concepts regarding the partnerships in health and social care, concern cooperation between forces on three levels; the ones on the administrative levels, on the levels of users of service and the collaboration between organizational partners. Inter-professional collaboration constitutes a key factor in procedures and methods that increase the efficiency and impact of the health care services for the public. Collaboration constitutes of working with a team; and that too, with a single unified goal or a set of goals. The organizations working in partnerships with each other are mostly in a mutually benefiting relationship. They perform and carry out functions that are agreed upon and are aligned toward the goal which the partners are striving for. The next feature of the underlying concepts of partnerships and collaboration is the quality and aspect of partnership. Sharing entails more of an emotional touch and constitutes of performing functions that are mutually benefiting  and provide advantages to both the parties. Partnership however, entails the agreements and accords of sharing and dividing the benefits, whether they are financial or any other. Partnerships also entails that the partners appear and approach the other organizations under the one name. It is more of a relationship in contractual terms. Although mutually benefiting, the relation between the partners is not effective and strong if the power is held by one partner and not shared equally with the other partner. Power might be in form of the decisive power or the power in managing the finances. The health care systems when collaborating with the social care systems have to distribute the power; the partnership entails that the partners have equal power for the various functions of performing in the health care sector. Consequent to the power and autonomy partners should have in a collaborative relationship, interdependency still remains to be the most important factor and concept of partnership. A partnership or collaborative relation between the health care system and social care will fail and affect the lives of public immensely, if the partners are overly powerful and autonomous. As in every working relationship, on the people level as well, interdependency accounts for one of the major factor. This concept of partnership directly relates to the striving and struggle for single goal in partnership. The care home would provide various facilities that would help Mr. Holland a better life there. Extra care include the process that is discussed under this section of the paper. It is now well established that social and economic factors affect availing of healthcare facility at all levels. There may be a variety of reasons for this differential behaviour in society. These causes can broadly be classified as â€Å"financial, structural, and cognitive† (Carrillo et al, 2011, p. 562-75). These barriers in contacting a healthcare provider often lead to failure in diagnosis at the right time, appropriate care for the ailment, and overall lack of a treatment approach. All of these eventually cause a decline in an attempt to provide equal healthcare to all. A number of people do not contact healthcare professionals because of inadequate financial resources. There may be two reasons for this inadequacy; not having an insurance policy for medical coverage, or belonging to a low income social group. These people fear  getting into circumstance that may lead to losing money. This reluctance causes them to react in a careless way to their medical needs. People who are insured with health policies may also cower from reaching out to a caregiver for medical aid. This problem arises from complex interrogative procedures, followed by insurance companies. People do not want to get into trouble for a small ailment and ignore to seek medical advice. Another reason for not going to a medical care provider is; having to wait long hours to see a doctor. People may have limitations such as not having someone to look for their child for long durations, not getting time-off from the employer for their medical appointment, or having a load of social obligations. People with a disability may also face communication problem during their meeting with a health professional. Lack of information about health predicaments, accessible amenities, and importance of staying in sound health, also contribute to overlooking self care. Sometimes a patient fails to understand the implication of their diagnosed condition and does not pursue quality treatment. Discriminatory behaviour of a caregiver is also a likely cause of health illiteracy. However, individual behaviour of people also leads to health and social care development. For instance, in Asian families, it is highly unethical to treat their elderly people in the old homes. They believe it is their moral and religious responsibility to take care of their elderly people at home. So they prefer care in home setting. Now, the nursing and its priorities have changed in homecare settings. It has become advanced adopting more humanistic approaches in the provision of primary care. However, for the Americans and Europeans, these old homes are a facility where elderly people live and receive best health facilities. For this reason, governments spend huge amount on building and setting old homes. People now want to have quick answers to their queries regarding medical facilities and healthcare. The use of social media by health institute facilitates them in solving their problems. The increasing role of social media and advanced technology is the result of people’s attitude and behaviour. Validity and reliability of the information depends upon the source. There are two types of sources for collecting information-primary and secondary. Primary source is believed to be original, first hand, and unedited. On the other hand, secondary is interpreted and processed material. The distinction between the reliable and  unreliable source is hard to explain in this age of mass media. The health care institutes must develop standards based on international practices and evidences and need to be regulated by the concerned Authority. Dissemination of health and social care information must be handled by responsible authority that has the proven record of credibility and authenticity. Quality information is a significant aspect for service providers that can also help them in planning, managing, monitoring, and delivering high quality health care provision. Through out the process of stay of Mr. Holland there are significant changes observed and as an auditor, I and the institution have found out that certain approaches that are used to take his care are producing fruitful results. Health promotions address both primary and secondary causes of a healthcare problem. These campaigns are relevant for creating awareness in the general public and minimizing the spread of problems. Whenever a healthcare emergency arises, healthcare providers are responsible for initial interventions. After the initial intercession, the healthcare professional evaluates the crisis and presents his or her idea to restrict such crisis in the future. Health promotion models work on identification, history, results of a healthcare problem and have a target outcome for the campaign. The UK government has launched a number of health promotions for current health problems. Some of these promotions are for smoke cessation, cancer, child obesity, drug abuse and drinking problems. The policy highlights the problem by giving statistics of alcohol related hospital admissions and deaths. The policy aims to build awareness on harmful impacts of alcohol on families’ lives, and ultimately compel them to overcome their bad habit. Role of experts is not confined tending to ill people needs; instead it lays upon them the responsibility of maintaining the community’s health. Health professionals are skilled to identify unsaid health problems during examinations. They can play their part for early screening of a malady through vigilance. Professionals on a higher level of administration should demonstrate to their co-workers and subordinates, the level of commitment needed for the purpose. The professionals also need to pay special attention to their well being for executing their role in the health  system. The task of a professional includes education and promotion of preventive care to all the available community. The government employees and health system professionals should collaborate towards a healthy society. They share a goal of providing quality healthcare to all citizens. The caregivers should incorporate themselves with organizations, working for the welfare of society in the domain of healthcare. They should use these platforms for sharing their knowledge and practices with healthcare workers from other areas, and the general public. The young professionals should be encouraged to take up pro bono work at the start of their career. The government aims to develop healthcare from primary levels, which is not possible without the aid from every health personnel. These people should be trained for the promotion activities. The health department sets target for the health promotion activities. If the partners and collaborators are not interdependent upon each other and are excessively autonomous, not taking responsibility of each other’s actions or accountable to the other partner, then the partnership can collapse. For instance, if the a health care organization deals with a situation negligently and is not able to handle any emergency situation, the performance of the social care will also be effected because of being in partnership with the other. Health perception and views of an individual greatly influence his or her response to healthcare situations. This opinion is affected by a person’s religion, ethnical background and culture (Horne et al, 2004, p. 1307-13). Education and experience modify it to some extent in later life, but the primary instincts stay with the person. The principles become more influential when the person holding these is a healthcare practitioner rather than a general man (Callaghan, 1999, p. 28-35). People rely on their physician, nurse or pharmacist to give them expert opinion on health related matters. The last but not the least important concept in partnerships and collaboration is the process. The way an organization works constitutes its processes and exclusive procedures. In collaboration however, the methods and processes have to be merged; they have to synchronized and harmonized with each other and then worked upon. The strategies and processes followed by one organization should also be applied to the collaborating partners and organizations. According to the frameworks put forward by West, the literature on the effectiveness of groups reveals and explains about the  model of partnerships that entails concepts such as inputs of the tasks, composition and performance of the groups and teams, the context and culture of the organizations and the environment of the organizations. This framework also entails the explanation of variables that elucidate the performance and working of the collaboration. These variables include such factors as the leadership effect, communications patterns and the processes of decision making. This model is utilized and practised by the Aston Centre for Health Organizational Research to analyse and study the National Health System of United Kingdom. Faced with numerous challenges, the health care sector in the United Kingdom follows and adheres to the concepts and frameworks for the partnerships at various levels. The government and the health care sector have devised numerous ways in which the rights and legal boundaries of the professionals and patients are outlines. Whether the health services join hand for collaboration or they work independently, the effectiveness of the partnership is always working and striving for the utmost care of the patient and the general public. Providing relevant health information to patients under health promotion programs is of paramount importance. Health promotion induces a positive difference in people’s life but accepting this development is tricky. The health promoter should provide all reasonable support to the subject to help him, or her get on with the change. The first step in the series of development events is to help patient understand the change. For example, a cancer patient will need thorough explanation of his or her illness, expected results of treatment, and most importantly the adverse effects of the treatment. Appropriate counselling leads to better outcomes of promotion and therapy than expected. The Article for Foundation for People with Learning and Physical Disabilities The research objective of the current article is to find the significant impact caused by increased BMI and anaesthetic duration on recovery of protective airways subsequent to sevoflaure opposed to desflurane. Increased BMI may increase the body’s capacity to store potent inhaled anaesthetics, more so with more soluble agents. Accordingly, we asked whether increased BMI and longer anaesthesia prolonged airway reflex recovery. For anesthesia means a moderately increased BMI is usually no increased risk. In the  multivariate linear regression, the variables: type of anesthesia, duration of anesthesia, body mass index and temperature of the operating room were directly related to the average body temperature of the subjects investigated. Nurses are responsible for planning and implementing effective interventions that help to minimize costs and most importantly reduce complications associated with hy pothermia. Methods Quantitative methodological approach was adopted for the conduct of the study, which follows a non-experimental research, correlation and forecasting. Sampling is the first and foremost step of conducting a research. It is important to find out all those people who will be able to provide the information that will be used by the manager of organization. Sampling form the basis of all researches and thus the organization conducting research must be very careful in selecting a sample. The research study analyzed the sample of patients aged 18–75, in BMI ranges 18–24, 25–29, and ≠¥30 kg m−2, undergoing surgery for which an LMA was the planned method of airway management, and randomly assigned these patients to receive sevoflurane or desflurane. Statistical Analysis T-test, Chi-square, ANOVA, and linear regression were used in the research. For the purpose of hypothesis testing, independent Sample T test is performed on the provided data. By applying the t-test for independent samples, we can decide whether two independent samples from two populations have equal arithmetic mean values i.e. to find the significant difference between the sample means. Detailed Analysis of the Article The term nonverbal communication refers to the type of communication which does not include direct usage of words by the person. This kind of conversation includes the signs given through eyes, the angle of the head, hands, or the facial expressions. The nonverbal might also include the usage of paper messages. The effective communication involves the ability of the care workers to analyse the situation and understand the verbal or non  verbal communicative messages delivered by the other care workers and work on them effectively. In the profession of care delivery, affection and care are the two feelings that are most important to be delivered to the patient. Touch can play an important role in this regard. Through touch the affection is delivered to the patient and he might feel the reflection of the carers feeling for the patient which might make him feel better emotionally. Misinterpretation of touch is, however, one of the most commonly existing problems. Sometimes the touch can be misinterpreted as sexual interest, aggressive stroke or sympathetic feeling which might not please the patient. Therefore, the care professionals have to be really carefully when the deliver their affection through touch. Another commonly existing problem is that in some cultures and religions the touch of a man to woman is not ethically or religiously allowed. The care professionals have to be extremely careful in such circumstances. The comfort can be misunderstood and that might cause a conflict which might be problematic and difficult to handle. In order to avoid this situation, it is important that the permission should be taken from the patient. The care professionals are a mixed set of professionals that belong to different ethnical regions, cultures and religious backgrounds. These individuals, under normal circumstances might have their own different set of cultural, social and religious values. However in the organisations of social and health care, it is important that they should follow the care principles and they should support every individual equally regardless of their background and race. Every individual should be treated with respect and dignity of every patient should be maintained. The ethical and cultural values of the patients should be respected by the carers and the individuals belonging to low financial background should not be mistreated with lack of care and support. The difference of language might be a barrier in communication, but to overcome that non verbal communication can be used. Sometimes the patients are disappointed and they might behave aggressively. Within the health and social care organisations, the fine practice of communication contributes to the effectiveness and competence of the services provided. It also develops the trust and confidence in the staff members who consider in the policies and systems of the organisation as trustworthy and precise. The professionals and staff members of health care espouse the good practice and  code of conduct that participates in the efficacy of the services. This is done by the effective communication within the limitations of organisational policies and systems in accordance with a system of partnership and team work. This paper was written after the understanding of the cases that were provided within the assignment. There were five main tasks that were to be fulfilled. The health care providers under the National Health Services perform well and more efficiently when working in partnerships and groups. The utmost important factor in such relations is the communication and the perception of the relation by both the partners. The communication pattern says a lot about the evaluation and performance of the partnerships. The way partners collaborate is vastly dependent upon the relations they hold with the partners. The service provides various methods and procedures for the evaluation of the practices and procedures in partnerships and collaborations. I would analyse this paper as a detailed approach in order to understand the issues that are faced within the basic needs of the prospects. References Butt,G; Reis, M. M; Browne, G (2008) Inter-professional Partnerships In Chronic Illness Care: A Conceptual Model For Measuring Partnership Effectiveness. Int J Integr Care. P. n.d. data retrieved from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2387190/ on May 31, 2013 D’amour, D; Videla, F. M; Rodriguez, M. S. L & Beaulieu, D. M (2005) The Conceptual Basis For Interprofessional Collaboration: Core Concepts And Theoretical Frameworks. Journal of Interprofessional Care, Supplement 1: 116 – 131. Pp. 122-124. Data retrieved from http://www.cihc.ca/library/bitstream/10296/380/1/DArmourEtAl_ConceptualBasis_May2005.pdf on Williams, P (2007) Working In Collaboration: Learning from Theory and Practice. National Leadership and Innovation Agency for Healthcare. Pp. 17-20. Data retrieved from http://nliah.com/portal/microsites/Uploads/Resources/lpXXIgAU6.pdf on May 31, 2013 Bennett, P., Calman, K., & Curtis, S. (2009). Risk communication and public health. Oxford University Press, retrieved from http://books.google.co.uk/books?hl=en&lr=&id=PBH3bxSqdy0C&oi=fnd&pg=PR9&dq=Co

Constitution Dbq

A few hundred years ago, a large group of men gathered in one big room to establish a Constitution that would lay down the basic set up of the United States of America. This new constitution covered everything from government to the rights of all the citizens of America. Thomas Jefferson, who was not part of the creation of the Constitution, said that all the good that is in the new Constitution was accomplished by amending the Articles of Confederation. Shortly after the Articles of Confederation was created, the creators of the document realized that the newly found country was running as smoothly as planned.The Articles did not cover everything necessary to ensure a well balanced country. With thirteen states independent, rebellion started to break out. So when they got together to write the Constitution, they had to look at the faults in the Articles and determine what needed to change. Whether it was giving Congress more power, establishing a military, or having the states only hold enough power to deal with local matter, if this country wanted to prosper, the Articles of Confederation had to be amended.The writers of the Constitution didn't want too much power to go to a single group in the government, so they set up a three branch system to ensure that not one branch had to much power. After the Articles were written, states were using their power to try to gain more and the balance was broken, so by amending the Articles, the balance could be restored. The first branch was the Legislative branch, which was made of of the Congress. The problem was that congress had been set up with proportional representation and the smaller states weren't happy about that.So it was decided that Congress be split into two branches, House of Representatives (which was based on proportion) and the Senate (which every state had representatives in) and this satisfied all the states, big and small. The reason that all these compromises had to be made was because the Articles did not give everyone equal share so the states were not happy and therefore they rebelled. With the Constitution being written to help every state equally, a well balanced government was put into play. The second branch of the government that they set up was the Executive ranch, which was made up of the newly founded President and Vice President. This was different from the Articles because originally there was no figurehead in government, but the Constitution out in play the role of a man who would control one branch of the government and balance out the shaky governmental issues. The role of the President is to veto laws made by the legislative branch of the government, he appoints other positions in the government and also deals with foreign treaties. This was an amendment to the Articles that would not strike rebellion or unsettle the states.The final branch of government that was set up by the constitution was the Judicial branch. This was the branch that interprets the law up on those in the country who break them. It was a court system set up by smaller courts that dealt with minor or local crimes and then the supreme court that dealt with crimes to the government, or serious affairs. The reason that this was a good thing to change from the Articles, was now that there are laws set, there is also a system in which to punish those who feel the need to break them.With this three branch system, the government would be very strong, and would not anger the United States. The writers of the Constitution knew that, like the Articles of Confederation, the Constitution would not be a perfect document and that problem with the way it is set up might appear in the future so they wrote it very loosely. The Constitution was set up so that amendments could be made, the same way they were made to the Articles. If something in the constitution needed to be amended, the Legislative branch would create the amendment, then if the Executive branch didn't agree, they would veto it.If all went well then the amendment would be made and the Judicial branch would interpret the amendment to the country. The Constitution was well thought out when being written. The last thing that was added to the constitution was the Bill of Rights, which ten of the most important rights given to Americans. Whether it was the freedoms of speech, press, or religion, the writers of the Constitution wanted all men to have their rights to living in freedom. Giving set rights of Americans was never established in the original Articles of Confederation.The Articles of Confederation were created very loosely and with many flaws. It was not well thought out and had many issues that would bring the citizens of America to unrest. When writing the Constitution, the writers had to look back on the Articles of Confederation and review the problems in the construction of the document, and assessed the issues in it. The Constitution was such a success because it amended the unsuccessful Articles of Confederation. Constitution Dbq DBQ: How Did the Constitution Guard Against Tyranny? Americans desperately fought against tyranny with the best weapon they had, the Constitution. During the colonial times, King George III demanded many things from the colonists that were living in the Americas. This was caused by the aftermath of the French and Indian War. This caused increasing debts for the King and England; therefore the King was forced to raise the taxes of America and England. This increase in tax made the Americans angry which caused more events to unravel.After many different battles between King George III and America, America declared its independence on July 4, 1776. After this declaration, many things began to heat up over the representation in government. Tyranny was mentioned many times during the course of these events, causing the creation of the Constitution. The Constitution guarded against tyranny in four ways: federalism, separation of powers, checks and balances, and big states versus small stat es/The Great Compromise. One part of the Constitution that helped the Americas was federalism.Document A shows that the first step the framers of the Constitution took to protect the Americas from tyranny was using a form of government called Federalism. James Madison’s idea for division of power between central and state governments is known as Federalism. (Doc A). From the chart in Document A, you will notice that this clearly prevents tyranny from happening. The powers that are needed to run a country are given to the federal government such as declaring war, coining money, and conducting foreign relations. (Doc A).Also, powers that are needed for a state are given, such as holding election and regulating in-state businesses. (Doc A). Powers that are needed by both state and federal law are shared. This prevents tyranny from happening because the states can’t take control of federal powers, and the federal government can’t take control of state powers. They c an only take the power shared and the powers that each of them own. The second step the framers took to protect us from tyranny was to divide the central government into three branches.The section in Document B taken from the Constitution shows the three branches of government and their powers. James Madison said, â€Å" The accumulation of all powers, legislative, executive, and judiciary, in the same hands, whether of one, a few, or many, and whether hereditary, self-appointed, or elected, may be justly pronounced the very definition of tyranny. † (Doc B). The Constitution clearly does not put the powers of legislative, executive, and judiciary in one or many hands.All branches have split power. The legislative branch can only have the powers of Congress. (Doc B). The executive branch has powers vested within the president. (Doc B). Lastly, the judicial branch has its powers vested in the highest court of the nation, the Supreme Court. As you can see, the Constitution preve nts any branch to gain power from other branches. The framers of the Constitution created a clever way to prevent tyranny of one branch over other branches, with a system of check and balances.James Madison said, â€Å"The constant aim is to divide and arrange the several offices in such a manner as that they may be a check on the other. † (Doc C). The diagram shows the branches have checks on each other. If the president tries to take power of another branch, the legislative branch can then impeach the president. (Doc C). This is the check of the legislative branch on the executive branch. Each branch has a check of every other branch, so if one branch is doing something wrong, another branch can check the wronged branch, and fix the problem.This explains how another branch can’t take full control and there is always going to be equal checks and balances. One of the last things the framers of the Constitution did to make sure no tyranny would arise was to make sure th e smaller states got a fair vote in Congress. In the Constitutional Convention, two plans were proposed called the Virginia Plan and the New Jersey Plan. The Virginia Plan was favored by the large states and was based on population. The New Jersey Plan favored the small states and gave each state an equal amount of votes.Eventually after all the arguing, they came up with something called the Great Compromise. This proposed Congress would be composed of the Senate and The House of Representatives. The House of Representatives is based on population, which provides fairness to large states. (Doc D). On the other hand, the Senate has two representatives from each state, which provides fairness to the smaller states. (Doc D). Unquestionably, this provides fairness among both large and small states, taking a closer step to ridding tyranny.To sum it up, the framers of the Constitution protected us from the evil of tyranny using the four methods, Federalism, dividing the government into t hree branches, a system of checks and balances, and preventing large states from creating tyranny over the small states in Congress. James Madison said, â€Å"The accumulation of power in the same hands whether of one, a few, or many, is the very definition of tyranny,† and the Constitution does a great job of preventing that. The framers succeeded in creating a strong built Constitution because all four methods have created security that no tyrant or tyranny would arise.

DepressionPTSD in the Military Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

DepressionPTSD in the Military - Research Paper Example Practically, from 10-18% of veterans upon their return home are diagnosed with PTSD. Studies found that Iraq/Afghanistan veterans are more likely to be incarcerated, being diagnosed with substance abuse disorders, and more likely to be married. In Afghanistan/Iraq veteran population PTSD can develop due to sustained injuries, wounds, traumas, and traumatic brain injury. There are several effective treatment approaches available for military patients diagnosed with PTSD, which include cognitive behavioral therapies, Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocess, imagery rescripting, imagery rehearsal therapy, and virtual reality. According to CBT approach, interpretation of the traumatic events causes the symptoms, thus the treatment concentrates on elimination of irrational thoughts occurring in patients. Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocess demonstrated an impressive empirical support for their effectiveness as treatment approaches for PTSD among military population groups. Virtu al Reality based therapy incorporates modern technology such as computer graphic surroundings and visual displays to create a feeling of immersion in reality-like environments, such as battlefields. The prevalence and severity of Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) among military population is well documented. ... Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (4th ed., DSM-IV; American Psychiatric Association, 1994), the diagnosis of PTSD requires exposure to a traumatic event and three resulting symptom clusters: reexperiencing the event, avoidance of traumatic reminders and numbing of responsiveness, and hyperarousal. In their study of Vietnam veterans, Schlenger et al. (1992) found 27.9% of Hispanics, 20.6% of Blacks, and 13.7% of White/other male veterans suffered current PTSD symptoms 15 years after military service. Similar results of PTSD prevalence were found among veterans of other recent military missions. Kang et al (2003) surveyed 30,000 veterans and found approximately 12% of veterans from the first Gulf War developed PTSD. The research performed by Hoge et al. (2004) noted 15.6 to 17.1% of returned Iraq War veterans in their study (n = 1709) developed PTSD. Additionally, Hoge et al. (2004) observed a PTSD baseline rate of 5% in the soldier sample prior to deployment. This baseline rate closely mirrored the 3 to 4% rates of PTSD in the United States general adult population (Narrow et al, 2002). In addition, many veterans suffer symptoms of trauma such as flashbacks or hyper-arousal without meeting the full diagnostic criteria of PTSD according to the DSM-IV (American Psychiatric Association, 1994). B. PTSD, COMORBIDITY AND SYMPTOMATOLOGY Past studies reported high rates of comorbidity between PTSD and other adjustment difficulties and mental disorders, such as depression, anxiety and/or phobias, violence, unemployment, substance dependence and abuse, marital, and family discord (Jakupcak et al., 2008). Kulka et al. (1990) reported male Vietnam veterans with PTSD had an 80% lifetime prevalence of alcohol abuse and 30% suffered depression. PTSD symptomatology was

Site Surveying Procedures Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Site Surveying Procedures - Essay Example Uren. J. & W.F.P. (1999) Surveying device, consisting of a visual structure for collimating a measuring position, a driving unit for performing scanning in a dimension range said visual structure, a distance-measuring unit comprising a radiance gesture detachment measuring scheme, an image pickup unit for captivating an illustration in the size range, an icon meting out unit for performing reflection meting out to haul out edges from the image pulled out up, and a control mathematics operation unit for choosing a position near the periphery as a measuring position on the figure singled out for controlling supposed distance-measuring unit to carry out surveying procedure of the measuring position. Uren. J. & W.F.P. (1999) Three-dimensional data is normally surveyed on an object as this flat within a predetermined range; however the past has gripped this model of surveying on an object such as building within a predetermined range, there have been disadvantages in the past in that much time was required and there was limitation in acquired amount of the surveying data because an operator must determine a measuring point and surveying operation must be carried out one point after another. By the use of automatic instruments, surveying operation is automated, raster scanning is performed by determining a range with fine pitch, and a vast amount of 3-dimensional surveying data can be collected more quickly than in the operation by the surveying operator. A great number of measuring points are required and storage capacity o a storage device to store the data at the measuring points also must be large. In case unnecessary data is incorporated as measuring data, the continuity of the data may be lost, and the measurement must be repeatedly carried out in many cases. Tifadi, T. & Booth, D.W. (1997) To obtain the site configuration through the

Microbiology-microorganism identification Assignment

Microbiology-microorganism identification - Assignment Example From the diagnostic table, only four bacterial species are expected to test positive using Gram stain, namely Bacillus subtilis, Micrococcus luteus, Staphylococcus aureus and Enterococcus faecalis. The Gram stain test thus allows the analyst to reduce the number of possible bacterial species that need to be ruled out during the identification assay. Another characteristic that facilitates our species identification was associated with the positive results obtained from the methyl red (MR) test. The observation of a bright red color was instrumental in narrowing down our candidates species to two bacteria, namely Staphylococcus aureus or Enterococcus faecalis. The generation of negative results from the Gelatin Hydrolysis, Voges-Proskauer (VP) and Nitrate Production tests also assisted in the identification of bacterial species. No, not all the observed characteristics agreed with those indicated in Bergey’s Manual. The cell arrangement of our organism was observed to be in single pairs or short chains, while the manual described that the bacteria were generally found in clusters. In addition, a positive result was observed in the citrate utilization test, when the manual indicated that our bacterial species generally results in a positive reaction. Unfortunately, the catalase and oxidase tests were not performed due to lack of time. The microbiological assay involves the reaction of the catalase enzyme, as it disrupts hydrogen peroxide, resulting in the production of water, as well as oxygen. Catalase is considered as a very common protein enzyme that is present in almost of organisms and is regarded by microbiologists as a very useful enzyme that helps in the identification of specific bacterial species (Maehly and Chance, 1954). It is also possible to identify the bacterial species through its requirement for oxygen. It should be understood that both oxidation and

Self Concept Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Self Concept - Essay Example It helps the child in building a good relation with his family and fellows around. So it could be said that it is a mental understanding or the knowledge of one's own existence and personality. Few physical and social attributes affect the personality of a person along with the social attributes. These attributes affect the attitude, habits and thinking of a person. During a lifetime, as a child the self-concepts are not so visible and they can get change as well with the passage of time. But as he grows older the self-concept becomes more incorporated and his psychology and social life becomes clearer and he can be judged better on the base of his attitude and habits and more psychological attributes. The self-concept of a person can be influenced by the sense of identity and other features, which affect the self-concept of a person, are the opinions that are being shared by the other people around, that what they think actually about us. The other things, which affect the self-concept, is the comparisons and similarities which are there between us and the other people around us. How much are we similar to them or how much are we different from them. Gergen (1965) showed in his study that the self-concept is affected by the reaction of other people and people cannot talk honestly about themselves. He conducted an interview with few people and he came to know that people cannot talk about themselves and what they talk usually reflect the views which people posses about them. And very few people rated themselves accurately, most of them rated themselves according to the perceptions of their friends and families. Here, we can look at the Ekman's six universal emotions, which are same all over the world and people from different regions posses, these emotions in the same way. The emotions are happiness sorrow anger disgust surprise As we look at the above listed events, these are the events, which lead people to shape their self-concept. In happiness, a person is sometimes out-of-control and it affects the normal mindset of the person. So at that time the person react in a way, which helps him understand that what do he or she actually wants to do and they do it without any boundary. The other situation is the state of sorrow, where a person can loose the hope and can go for anything, which he or she cannot think of doing in any normal circumstances. This event gives a real opportunity to a person to judge his self-concept and to get a clear vision of his weakness and strengths as well. The other event is the anger - which is an important event. If a person is able to control his anger, he can easily do anything in the world. Controlling anger is important because during this state of mind, a person can do anything reversible and it is an important event to judge someone's self-esteem and self-concept. Fourth event is the disgust; a stable mind is needed to cope in this state. This event is also an important event and it helps in getting knowledge about the one's own positive and negative points. The fifth and last event is the surprise. Surprise can be positive as well as the negative. The reaction of a person towards the surprise, whether a positive

Chronicle of a Death Foretold by Gabriel Garcia Marquez Essay

Chronicle of a Death Foretold by Gabriel Garcia Marquez - Essay Example Shortly after being wed, Angela Vicario was returned to her parents’ house by her husband, Bayardo San Roman, because he had discovered that she was not a virgin. Angela had brought disgrace to her groom. Her parents mourned the loss of their wealthy new son-in-law, who had planned to provide quite nicely for their daughter, as well as for themselves. In addition, their daughter had destroyed her chances of finding a husband because she had given in to temptation prior to being married. Angela’s brothers, Pedro and Pablo Vicario, ordered her to disclose the name of the man who had deflowered her. She named Santiago Nasar, a wealthy and respected young man, and a friend of the narrator. The brothers instantly decided to kill him. Despite the certainty of their decision, the brothers did everything they could to encourage someone to prevent them from committing this crime. As the brothers of a tainted woman, they had an obligation to seek justice and restore her honor. Through this process, they could make her a virgin again – at least symbolically. It was assumed that Santiago had seduced her, and although she gave in to desire, he was the primary culprit. His death would serve to wipe her slate clean. If a third party intervened, the brothers wouldn’t lose face for not killing Santiago. The shopkeeper of the store across from Santiago’s house explains this to the mayor after she urges him to put the brothers in jail. â€Å"It’s to spare those poor boys from the horrible duty that’s fallen on them (p. 57).† The mayor doesn’t arrest the pair, but does take away their knives. They simply returned home for more, which they sharpened in the public market, announci ng what they intended to do. In fact, as they wandered around town searching for their victim, they announced to everyone they encountered what they intended to do. The town understood that the brothers were acting out of a sense of duty. Only by

Why do some survivors of domestic abuse maintain a relationship with Essay

Why do some survivors of domestic abuse maintain a relationship with their abusive partner - Essay Example It results in acute medical conditions such as multiple injuries to the face, head, neck, breast, or abdomen, and in chronic conditions such as headaches, abdominal pain, pelvic pain and sexual dysfunction (Campbell, 2002; Ellsberg, 1997; Gelles & Straus (1998) R.J. Gelles and M.A. Straus, The medical and psychological costs of family violence. In: M.A. Straus and R.J. Gelles, Editors, Physical violence in American families—Risk factors and adaptations to violence in 8145 families, Transaction Publishers, New Brumswick [USA] & London [UK] (1998), pp. 425–430.Gelles & Straus, 1998; Goodman, Koss, & Russo, 1993; Karol, Micka, & Kuskowski, 1992; Martin & Younger-lewis, 1997; Nduna & Goodyear, 1997). Intimate partner violence is also associated with lowered self-esteem and lowered self-perception of health by the victims (Amoakohene, 2004; Baker, 1997; Ellsberg, Caldera, Herrera, Winkvist, & Kullgren, 1999; McCauley et al., 1995; Skupien, 1998). Partner abuse has serious reproductive health consequences, including inability to use a contraceptive method at all or consistently, unwanted pregnancy, and increased levels of sexually transmitted infections and HIV/AIDS. Even the period of pregnancy is not protective (Blaney, 1998; Diop-Sidibà ©, 2001; Gazmararian et al., 2000; Jejeebhoy, 1998; Maman, 2000; Letourneau, Holmes, & Chasedunn-Roark, 1999; Martin et al., 1999; Parsons, Goodwin, & Petersen, 2000; Rickert, Wiemann, Harrykissoon, Berenson, & Kolb, 2002; Sharps & Campbell, 1998). Of course the most extreme physical consequences of this type of violence are death of the victim, by suicide or homicide, and homicide against the perpetrator (Breiting et al, 1989; Wilson & Daly, 1994). Although the associations of IPV and detrimental health outcomes have been well established in research from industrialized countries, they have seldom been studied in developing countries. Similarly, despite the fact that IPV against men is kn own to occur in the USA,

Careers in Lodging and Foo and Beverage Industries Essay

Careers in Lodging and Foo and Beverage Industries - Essay Example Lodging includes resorts and hotels while food and beverages includes restaurants and catering services. There are numerous career opportunities that one can pursue in these two fields. The industry continues to grow and expand with time while opening up newer job opportunities. Many people with a passion and desire to offer exemplary services to customers often find very rewarding job opportunities in the hospitality industry. The Various Types of Management Careers The lodging industry for instance is one of the biggest employers in hospitality. There are several career paths that one can take including general hotel management, housekeeping, human resource management, sales and marketing positions, customer service supervision, finance and accounting and information technology among others (Altinay & Paraskevas, 2008). The general manager overseas the overall functions of the lodging and all other managers are answerable to him. The human resource manager is responsible for hiring , maintain and managing the employees of a lodging facility to ensure they have good working conditions and that they are motivated to service their customers and clients. The housekeeping manager maintains the records of visitors coming to the lodging facility. The sales and marketing manager on the other hand is changed with the responsibility of promoting the lodging facility and its services to target customers (Altinay & Paraskevas, 2008). Finance managers help in maintain the financial records while information technology managers help to maintain the information, technology and communication equipment. The size and type of a particular lodging facility determines the level of education, skills and experience needed for one to be hired in a management position. A big lodging facility in the US with a good reputation and a chain of rooms across the country may require one to have at least five years’ experience and a bachelor’s degree in order to get in to managem ent. A smaller facility may require a year’s experience and at least a higher diploma for one to be able to join the management team. Salaries for managers in the lodging industry are generally very attractive. Mangers can earn between $28,000 and $150,500 per annum while the general manager of the lodging facility may earn up to $200,000(Altinay & Paraskevas, 2008). The food and beverage industry is another field of hospitality, which provides employment opportunities to a majority of individuals across the globe. One can be employed in restaurants, hotels, or catering operations which provide many career paths that can led to managerial positions (Altinay & Paraskevas, 2008). Some of common managerial positions in the food and beverage industry include food and beverage directors, restaurant managers, bar managers, kitchen managers, catering supervisors, and mangers of hotel properties. Mangers of large casinos and hotels as well as directors of food and beverage have the h ighest salaries, which may be up to $150, 000 per year while other managers earn between $30,000 and $100,000 per year. Comparison between the General Manager Positions A general manager’s position in both lodging, food and beverage industries is an executive position with the occupant overseeing the day-to-day activities as well as the sales and marke

Practicum Experience Journal Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 2

Practicum Experience Journal - Essay Example AzHHA (2011) stated that SBAR creates a shared mental model for effective information transfer by providing a standardized structure for concise, factual communications among health care providers. It is indeed essential in a nursing home setting as the condition and needs of each patient must be properly addressed by any personnel at the time of his/her duty. Hence, there is a need to strengthen the communication pattern in the nursing home and in any clinical and medical field where the lives of the patients depend on the reliability and credibility of the evaluation of the situation. During the period of my practicum, I observed that there was a discrepancy in the transfer of clinical information and patient’s data from one shift to another which is something that must be strictly observed by all health practitioners. A systematic approach in passing a patient’s record is a must as it will be the basis of the next health provider’s action. Specifically, the method being used in this turnover of patient’s clinical information/record was not that efficient or somewhat too lenient in my practicum. It is vital for a health care provider to supply all the information to whoever will take his/her duty in an inter shift mode. In my opinion, employing The SBAR method is a great solution for the communication problem in the nursing home. It is a more orderly and systematic approach of transferring information. If utilized, interpersonal interaction among the health care providers would be more dynamic and communication errors would be avoided. As a consequence, these medical professionals will be more focused on the well-being of the

To Eat or Not To Eat Essay Example for Free

To Eat or Not To Eat Essay Hello, my name is Dr. Rachel Green. I am an eating disorder counseling specialist. Today I would like to talk with you about two forms of eating disorders, obesity and anorexia nervosa. In our discussion, I would like to be able to give you a new perspective on food, hunger and satiety hoping that it may benefit those who live with these disorders. Obesity is defined as when a person has maintained a body mass index (BMI) of 30 or higher. People with obesity have many health risks which include hypertension, Type 2 diabetes, heart disease, bone health problems in addition to many other health complications and illnesses. Anorexia nervosa is defined as a mental illness because it refers to individuals who refuse to keep their weight within 85% of the standard weight for their age and height. Those who live with anorexia express deep anxiety about gaining any weight in addition to their body image being dramatically distorted. These individuals refuse to eat and have a habit of going on eating binges, which they follow with vomiting. Their excuse for this is that they have to do this to keep what they view as an acceptable weight. This illness is very severe and is life threatening in most cases. It can result in heart failure, kidney failure and damage to the brain. Both anorexia and obesity are studied in depth. Several new theories have brought new light to the treatment of these conditions. We will also discuss numerous hunger and satiety myths as well as facts about  the maintenance and development of these disorders. We will have a chance for QA in the later part of the program. There are a wide variety of theories that attempt to address why we choose to eat or not to eat. Hunger and satiety have bio-psychosocial factors that are detailed in theories relating to obesity and anorexia. From an evolutionary perspective, we can see that periods occurred in which shortages existed in our food supplies. These may have contributed to obesity as a part of our genetic predispositions as a means of storing food when it became available so that those calories would be available to us later for our use when food supplies became scarce. This relates also to the desire to eat great quantities of high calorie foods. Consumption of high calorie foods leads to fat storage of that food’s energy. We also know that we require at least 3 solid meals daily to maintain our normal weight. This social connection to normality can be carried forward into social interactions that take place when consuming foods that are more palatable due to high fat content or high sugar content. This carries forward into our understanding of the motivations for eating. Such factors do influence our eating patterns. Additional factors play into the choices that we make that may conflict with our ability to maintain a healthy and ideal body weight. Calories are burned during exercise and if we do not balance our caloric intake well with our exercise levels then we will not be in balance. People also have different rates of metabolism, which affects their ability to burn or store fat. Thermogenesis, which is a non-exercise activity where energy is dissipated, is also relevant to this discussion. Studies in Biopsychology have shown that we do not eat due to the need to fuel the body, but eat because of our learned, embedded responses. Studies show that people tend to eat larger quantities in social settings than when alone. This factor alone would be a significant contributor to obesity if we correlate socializing with food. Satiety has shown to be related to the types of food we eat. We need certain nutrients and minerals. Candy doesn’t include these nutrients and minerals, and so our bodies do not feel satisfied or full when we eat them. Meals that contain the proper mix of nutrients and minerals yield a more complete satiety. Some foods contain more of the nutrients required to allow us to actually feel full. Anorexia includes some of the same issues of social factors that influence our views of acceptable healthy weight and eating. The inclination to eat in social situations can be skewed in the opposite direction for some individuals. They can be so insecure that they do not meet their body’s needs due to their feelings about others’ perceptions of them. Anorexia involves a great fear of weight gain and the individual displays starvation habits of eating or alternate binge and purge cycles of eating. These patterns are learned eating behaviors. Binging is an aspect of anorexia that can help us to see how hunger and satiety are related to mind over matter because the mind is overtaking the body’s need for nutrition in this disease. The binge is meeting the body’s need, but the purge that follows is catering to the corrupted ideal as the individual sees it, so satiety no longer has a positive value. The start and development of anorexia is specific to the individual because external factors contribute to the development and beginning of this disease. The most common onset factor is dieting. Dieting is generally undertaken in response to socially perceived and abnormal expectations. There seems to be a connection between weight gain and food intake that defies the positive motivation that is normally connected to satiety and healthy eating habits. The value of the food incentive is lost in the negative contribution of feelings for weight control. In this discussion today we have reviewed a number of myths and facts relating to these two diseases. What questions do you have about anorexia or obesity? Question 1: I want to know if my parents’ obesity is the cause of  my own obesity. Answer: Your parents’ obesity may have given you a genetic predisposition that affects your ability to maintain an ideal weight but isn’t the only factor. The Bio-psychosocial theory gives us the evidence to understand that you have the willpower to control your own weight in a healthy manner. You can learn to rehabilitate yourself with regard to your expectations and eating behaviors. This will give you greater satiety and a healthier prognosis. Exercise is also a critical factor in controlling your weight. A proper, regular practice can help you to burn calories. The combination of proper intake and proper exercise can give you a healthy weight. Overeating is not the response to need, but is a continuance of values and habits about food that are not healthy. Question 2: I eat the same foods and amounts as my girlfriend, but she does not gain weight and I do. What makes this happen? Answer: This would be because her basal metabolism and differs from yours significantly. She has a higher rate allowing her to digest foods more efficiently.Consumption is not the only factor in weight gain. You have to look at your own physical activity/exercise levels as well. Question 3: My family feels that I have become anorexic in response to my exposure to women’s images as portrayed in magazines and on TV. This may be true, but I do not have any cravings for food. Why would that be so? Answer: It may be true that you initially learned to connect extreme thinness with success and beauty and you chose to work toward that slanted ideal. Your dieting then contributed to this skewed viewpoint when you were able to lose weight in the beginning of your new eating patterns. You may have found yourself more beautiful due to the exposure to such idealized images and then failed to recognize later the health problems that this began to cause for you. I would attribute the feeling that you do not crave food at all to the negative value this skewed view placed on food. You look at food as a negative element in your life since you connect it only with weight gain instead of with nurture and health. Rehabilitation of your mind and body require you to nurture your body with healthy foods and exercise. It is possible to re-establish healthy eating patterns that can give you back your desire for and enjoyment of food. Question 4: I feel sick each time I eat, so I have taken to not eating. Can you tell me why this is? Answer: I believe this relates to incentive values of food. You may have taught yourself that food will make you gain an unhealthy amount of weight and now you connect food only with negative things. If you begin by eating foods that you know are healthy for you then you can begin to view food as a positive thing again. Eating healthy foods and staying away from high sugar and high fat foods is a way to let your body respond well to what you eat. If your focus is on weight control rather than on health, you will be punishing your body for eating even healthy things. Citations Pinel, J. P. J. (2011). Biopsychology. (8th ed.). Allyn Bacon. To Eat Or Not To Eat. Anti Essays. Retrieved November 10, 2012, from the World Wide Web: http://www.antiessays.com/free-essays/95995.html

How to Introduce a Speaker Essay Example for Free

How to Introduce a Speaker Essay Speech introductions are often an afterthought, hastily thrown together at the last second by someone with little knowledge of the speaker, their speech, or the value for the audience. And yet, speech introductions are critical to the success of a speech. While a strong speech opening is vital, nothing helps establish a speaker’s credibility more than a carefully-crafted and well-delivered introduction. This article gives you a series of practical tips for how to introduce a speaker to position them with the best possible chance to succeed. 1. Answer three core questions. When you are introducing a speaker, your primary goal is to prepare the audience and get them excited for what they are about to hear. To do this, you must answer these three core questions: * What is the topic? * Why is this topic important for this audience? * Why is the speaker qualified to deliver this talk? By addressing these three questions, you’ve given the audience a motivation for listening (the topic is important to them), and you’ve reinforced the speaker’s credibility. 2. Prepare and practice adequately. â€Å"While a strong speech opening is vital, nothing helps establish a speaker’s credibility more than a carefully-crafted and well-delivered introduction.† At all costs, avoid thoughts such as â€Å"Oh, I don’t need to prepare†¦ I’m just introducing a speaker.† Thoughts like that lead to stumbling, bumbling, off-the-cuff introductions which undermine your credibility and the credibility of the speaker. You should write out (and edit) the full introduction, check it with the speaker, and practice it several times. 3. Memorize it, or minimize your notes. Try to memorize the introduction; speaking without notes will add to your authority, and the audience will put more weight in your recommendation (that is, to listen to this speaker). If you are unable to memorize the entire introduction, then use as few notes as you can. Be sure you can you deliver the last sentence of your introduction without notes as this will maximize momentum for the speaker. 4. be positive and enthusiastic. The audience takes cues from you. If you seem disinterested, they will be disinterested. If you are (genuinely) positive and enthusiastic, they will be too. Your choice of words, voice, gestures, and facial expressions should all convey enthusiasm. So, how do you ensure you are enthusiastic? 5. Get to know the speaker. It is difficult to get the audience excited about the speaker if you aren’t excited yourself. If the speaker is previously unknown to you — for example, suppose you’ve volunteered to introduce speakers at a large industry event — your introduction may lack sincerity. So, get to know the speaker. Google them. Talk with them. Ask others about them. Research the speaker and their expertise until you are excited by the opportunity to introduce them. 6. Eliminate mispronunciations. A sure way to weaken your own credibility and that of the speaker is to mispronounce their name, the title of their presentation, or any other key terms. Luckily, this is easily avoided through practice and by confirming the correct pronunciation with the speaker well before the presentation. (Don’t wait until you are delivering the introduction to ask them — this looks amateurish.) â€Å"A sure way to undermine your own credibility and that of the speaker is to mispronounce their name, the title of their presentation, or any other key terms.† 7. be accurate. Being accurate is as important as correct pronunciation, perhaps more so. Make sure you know the precise years, facts, or details. If you make factual errors, many speakers will feel an irresistible compulsion to correct you. This is a lousy way for them to begin their speech, and will almost certainly kill their momentum. 8. Don’t alter the speech title. Many speakers craft their presentation title very carefully, and the words matter to them. The title may be a phrase they want the audience to remember, it may reflect language used on accompanying slides, or it may be a humorous play on words. Don’t change it under any circumstances. (And, of course, know how to pronounce it.) 9. Should you attempt humor? In most circumstances, no. Your objective is to get the audience excited about the topic and the speaker, and this is not the time to tell humorous anecdotes about the speaker. Save those for a roast! There are exceptions (as there are to all public speaking advice), and you’ll have to use your judgment. If this speech is part of a longer event, and the preceding talk has been particularly sad or low on energy, then it may help to lift the spirits of the audience. If you need to do this, do it early in your introduction, and then move on to the more thought-provoking content leading to your climax. 10. Don’t give an outline of the speech. I was once introduced by someone who had seen a longer presentation I gave on the same topic two years prior. Not only did they ignore the introduction I had written for them, but they gave a detailed outline of my whole talk, including which parts were their favorites! Unfortunately, my outline had changed substantially, and they had created unreasonable expectations and sabotaged my talk. Avoid undermining the speaker by giving too many details about the speech, telling anecdotes from their speech, or making promises about details in their presentation. It is the speaker’s job to decide how and when they reveal their outline. Keep your introduction at a high level, unless they have specifically asked you to do otherwise. 11. Stick to relevant expertise of the speaker. One very common mistake is to recite a lengthy list of biographical details (education, awards, former job titles, publications, etc.) which may or may not be relevant to the topic being presented. This is especially common at academic conferences. For example, avoid introductions such as: Our speaker grew up in Seattle and graduated at the top of her mechanical engineering class at Carnegie Mellon University. She went on to earn a Master’s Degree from Duke University, and a Ph.D. in Computer Science from Harvard. She is a member of the Automotive Engineers Association, and a two-time recipient of the Stone Award for Distinguished Linguistics Research. She was previously the Director of Research at Hasbro, and is currently the CEO for the Miami Dolphins. Her talk today is entitled â€Å"How to Dougie.† A much better introduction would touch on how many years the speaker had Dougying whether she had been trained or self-taught, and that she had written a book on this topic. Okay, maybe that example was a bit extreme. But, even if the speaker has a lengthy list of biographical details that are related to her talk, there’s no need to recite them all. Pick a small number (about three) that are most relevant — usually the most recent details. Why not give all the details? 12. Don’t overdo it. Long introductions filled with biographical details are bad for two main reasons: * Long introductions are boring. Nobody attends an event to listen to the introducer go on and on. * Long introductions are pompous. Reciting dozens of professional accolades gives the impression that the speaker cares only about himself and his ego. Keep your introduction just long enough to accomplish your goals: [1] what’s the topic, [2] why does it matter, and [3] why is the speaker credible? â€Å"Keep your introduction just long enough to accomplish your goals: [1] what’s the topic, [2] why does it matter, and [3] why is the speaker credible?† I’m a big fan of short introductions in just about all situations. Sixty or ninety seconds is usually ample time. For really long presentations, (e.g. keynote addresses lasting an hour or more) two or three minutes may be warranted. 13. Avoid clichà ©s. How many times have you heard: â€Å"This speaker needs no introduction†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ? While the speaker may indeed be well-known to the audience, nearly every speech benefits from a brief introduction. 14. Avoid exaggerated hype. Your introduction should get the audience excited about the presentation, but don’t take it too far. For example, it is reasonable to claim that the presentation will help the audience solve a business problem, save time, or understand the complexities of tax policy. But, it doesn’t help anyone to claim that â€Å"this presentation will solve all your problemsâ€Å", or that it is â€Å"the best presentation you’ll ever hearâ€Å", or even that â€Å"you’ll be amazed by what you are about to hearâ€Å". Proud expectations will actually have a detrimental effect, because the audience will feel challenged to prove you wrong. 15. Build to a climax. Your vocal delivery (strength and volume) should build toward the end of your introduction. (Keep it reasonable†¦ there’s no need to yell.) By doing so, the audience will be compelled to welcome the speaker with loud applause. One effective way to do this is to end with the speaker’s name and explicitly encourage applause: Ladies and gentlemen, please join me in welcoming our guest speaker, Baby Girl! 16. Ensure a smooth transition. Know where the speaker will be as you speak your last words so that you can turn in that direction to greet them. Etiquette dictates that you should wait for them to come to you (e.g. on the stage, or at the lectern) and then shake hands before you leave. Shaking hands is a symbolic gesture that indicates you are â€Å"handing the floor† to them. Occasionally, the speaker may have a special entrance planned. (e.g. entrance music, a staged stunt, something with a prop) Make sure you ask the speaker about this, and do whatever you can to support them in a successful entrance. How to Introduce a Speaker: 16 Essential Tips for Success Preparing an Oral Report Follow these steps to put together and deliver a first-rate presentation. Step 1. Research the Facts Gather information about the subject of your oral report. List the facts and interesting information from your reading, taking notes accurately. Remember that relevant details and vivid descriptions will make your oral report more interesting, as will visual aids such as maps, charts, and pictures. Step 2. Organize Your Information Organize your oral report in three parts. †¢ Introduction How will you introduce your report? What will be your first line? Write a short introduction that briefly explains what your report will cover. †¢ Body Organize the main points of your report. They should follow a logical order. Be sure that: all your information is accurate; you have included information from your research to support your main points; you use details and descriptive sentences to make your report interesting. †¢ Conclusion Write a short conclusion. You can use the conclusion to: wrap up and restate your main points; draw upon your main points to formulate a personal opinion concerning the topic of your report. Step 3. Practice Giving the Oral Report Practice presenting your oral report with a friend or family member. If no one is available, try practicing in front of a mirror. Keep the following points in mind when you give your report. †¢ Hold your body upright and face your audience. †¢ Speak clearly and deliberately—you want everyone to hear what you have learned. †¢ Refer to your notes only when necessary. Step 4. Make A Final Copy of Your Report Notes Use your notes to make a final outline of your report and put it on one index card or half-sheet of paper. Try to use this card alone when giving your report. Refer to the rest of your notes only if absolutely necessary. http://go.hrw.com/resources/go_ss/teacher99/toolkit/TOOLKT19.pdf

Production Process Of Monster Inc Film Studies Essay

Production Process Of Monster Inc Film Studies Essay The process of movie making entails four stages, development, pre-production, production and post-production. The development stage involves the process of creating the story line. At the pre-production level the technical challenges are addressed. It is in the production stage that the actual filming takes place and polishing of the movie is done at the post production stage. The Pixar process through which Monster Inc passes is detailed below. Step1: This step entails explaining of the idea about the movie to the audience and the members of the development team. At this stage the originality of the idea is pivotal as it translates to how viable the movie is. The idea of Sulley and Mike working for Monsters Inc is an incredible idea and so is the inclusion of Boo. The work was developed from the two artists namely Docter and Grant. The adult man had the childhood drawings come to life and start plaguing on his existence. He could see the monsters but the other could not. The monsters represented the fears he had to deal with as a kid and which he did not. However, these monsters disappeared at he continued to overcome these fears. Step 2: this idea is then written down in what is referred to as text treatment. It also worth mentioning that it necessary to come up with many text treatments as they help in opening up the possibilities available. In addition, such treatments help to refine the main idea of the story. For instance, the initial idea was to have a 32 year old man who could see the monsters but which was later changed to an innocent girl. Step 3: Elisabeth (12) defines storyboards as the graphic organizers which could include illustrations and images and are necessary in the movie making process for the purpose of pre-visualizing a motion picture. It is a tedious and intricate process and was developed in Walt Disney Studio in 1930s. This concept of story boards is credited to Webb Smith where scenes would be drawn in different sheets of paper and would be pinned on a bulletin board (Mark 65). This proved effective in telling a story in a sequence. The Monster Inc incorporates story boards and is better described as a hand drawn comic book version. The artists receive the scripts and they are then expected to make the drawings. The sequences by the artists utilize the emotions from the scripts to be able to make the illustrations. The drawn out sequence is then handed to the director of Monster Inc. Step 4: In making of the Monster Inc movie the scratch voice is used to the story board reels. However, professional actors are hired when the story and the dialogue have been perfected. It is also worth noting that the actors hired need not depend on the script alone but also need to improvise to make the movie interesting. The actors hired for different role in Monster Inc then record the lines in different ways and the best ones are chosen. However, if the scratch voices are good enough then there will we no need to follow the rest of the process. Sulley the massive monster who finds himself in trouble was played by John Goodman who had a rich and wide vocal range. His voice also similar to that of a bear and it seemed to fit to this role. Finding the voice for Boo was challenging and it is the voice of Mary Gibbs who plays this role that brought the energy needed. In addition she was playful and fit in well in this role. Step 5: This is the stage where by the illustration by the story board is developed into a reel. The reel is able to tell a story without the need to have a pitcher person to tell the story behind the shooting of Monster Inc. This process is pivotal in the making of Monster Inc as it helps in validating the sequence of the story. The editorial of Monster Inc also takes this chance to ascertain the elements required for each shot. For instance, in this movie Joe Rauft did the story board and also was the scratch voice of Sullivan. Step 6: The art department utilizes the work from the above process and brings life to the scenes. In particular this involves creating inspirational art, illustrating the world and the characters. In addition, the artists also design sets, props, visual looks for surfaces and colors which will be necessary lighting. In looking for the style of Monstropolis the production designers had to go to view different locations which could inspire the design of the movie. 22 different sets were designed for the movie and some of theses sets included the Boos bedroom, sushi eatery, Harryhausens and home of yeti. Step 7: This step is another tedious task in the making of Monster Inc. The characters, sets and props to be used are sculpted by hand and then scanned in three dimensions. These elements are then given avars and the animators use them to make the movements. In this movie the clay sculptures were made and then digitized for the main characters. For the rest of the monsters they were created by the computer using the kit of virtual parts. It is also worth noting that in order to give the animators a lot of movement those modeling the characters used Geppetto; a program used to add more controls. Step 8: This is an interesting stage where the sets are dressed with prop models in bringing out a realistic scene. It also worth noting that those charged with this task, work closely with the director in ensuring his vision of Monster Inc is being actualized. For instance in making the monsters colorful, the city and the factory had to be muted. Step 9: The real work of taking shots then starts and the story is translated into 3-dimensional scenes. This stage is involving for the layout crew of Monster Inc, who use a virtual camera to create shots while capturing the emotion of each scene. Multiple shots are created for each scene and this helps the editorial team to make the best choice of the shots that will give the maximums story telling effect. Step 10: At this point the layout, dialog, sound, character and models are already done and the animators choreograph the movements and facial expressions of the characters and this is done for each and every scene. Computer controls are used and avars are also necessary at this point. The movement of the Boss shirt and Sullivan long fluid fur posed a great challenge. How do you animate every wrinkle in both of theses two characters clothes? This required the use of simulations that would automatically generate such movements. Similarly, for Boo having the hair was another problem and Docter found a temporary solution by use of pigtails which were easier to animate. However, this was also complicated by the fact that these movements needed to be realistic. In particular, the Boos shirt had to drape in an aesthetically appealing way and Sulleys hair had to stick out attractively as well. The animator John Kahrs was in-charge of Sulley and lead animator for Boo was Dave DeVan. Step 11: At this point the shading is done to bringing out different color effects. In shooting of Monster Inc this was done by using software which allowed complex variations where the color shifted with the lighting. Step 12: It is the lighting that completes the whole picture and at this stage the key, fill and bounce lights become important in enhancing the mood and emotion of the characters in the scene (Richard 45). The room ambience is also defined in creating a realistic and giving out the right impression. Step 13: At last the sets, colors, character movement are put in one frame. The Pixars process used in making the Monster Inc utilized a huge computer system which interpreted the data and incorporated the motion blur. After this was done the completion of Monster Inc required final touches from the various departments. For instance the special effects and sound effects were added. In particular, the photo-science department recorded the digital frames in readiness for projection. Work Cited Elisabeth, Weis Film Sound: Theory and Practice. Columbia University Press, 1985 Mark, CottaVaz. The Invisible Art: The Legends of Movie Matte Painting, Chronicle Books, 2004 Richard, Reckitt. Special Effects: The History and Technique, Billboard Books; 2nd edition, 2007

Maglev Trains :: Magnet Train Trains Essays

Maglev Trains As almost any child knows, magnets have the ability to attract and repel other magnets. This knowledge is now being utilized in separate projects in Germany and Japan to propel and levitate a new and innovative type of train, the magnetic lift train. A German company called Transrapid is now able to build a train takes advantage of a magnets ability to attract magnetic materials. Upon observing the system from a distance, it looks to be composed of only T-shaped track and a train that wraps around the ledges of the track. However, the wrap-around part of the train hides the mechanisms that cause the train to levitate and to fly through the air. Ferromagnets on the underside of both of both the track’s ledges attract electromagnets on the wrap-around-the-track part of the train that is adjacent to the ferromagnets. A computer controls the amount of current flowing through the electromagnets in order to keep the train at a constant 1 cm from the track (#5). These electromagnets are powered by onboard batteries that are charged by linear generators that convert motion into electricity. In addition, the train needs more than its levitation system to maintain its proper lateral position on the track. The Transrapid syst em accomplishes this feat by creating an attractive field between magnets on both the track’s ledge’s sides and on the interior sides of both the warp-around-the-track parts of the train. The two attractive forces cancel each other out and cause the train to remain in the same lateral distance from the track.(Most of the information is form #4.) In addition to levitating the vehicles with magnetic forces, the Transrapid train’s propulsion system also uses magnetism. The forces used to propel and break the vehicle are both created with the aluminum three-phase cable winding in the ferromagnets on the track and the electromagnets on the train. The train moves forward when an alternating current, supplied by an outside source, is sent through the windings on the track. This creates an alternating magnetic field that both pushes and pulls the train along the track. In order to slow the train down the alternating current is reversed. This causes the train to be pushed and pulled in the direction opposite of its motion. Also, this system is energy efficient because instead of electrifying the entire track, the only electrified part is length where the train is traveling.

Computer Fanatics - Good or Evil? :: essays papers

Computer Fanatics - Good or Evil? Adolf Hitler, Benito Mussolini, Charles Manson, and David Koresh were all fanatics of some nature. These fanatics did not have a helpful side effect for people but caused death and one of them a World War. Fanatics don’t all have to be bad though some fanatics helped our way of life or increased it with entertainment. Such fanatics like Michael Jordan and Larry Bird have made basketball a more enjoyable sport to watch. A fanatic is a person with an extreme and uncritical enthusiasm or zeal. All of the above mentioned have had or have these qualities. One type of fanatic that has grown larger in numbers is the computer fanatic. With the rise of technology and the Internet kids and adults are becoming fanatical with computers. Some of the traits of a computer fanatic are a need or want to be around a computer most of the time, talks a lot about computers, and there incredible knowledge for them. A computer fanatic always wants to be around a computer and if he isn’t it’s almost like a withdrawal from a drug. To a computer fanatic a computer is almost like a drug and if he doesn’t get a constant supply of it then he gets moody or restless. Programmers and other computer technicians are almost all computer fanatics and they spend at least 40 hours a week on a computer. Computers to these people are basically there life and that is why the coined term computer nerd was created. A good example of a computer fanatic can be seen in the movie Matrix that the main actor is seen next to his computer asleep and it looks as if he hasn’t moved all day. They love computers like someone might love their wife. When a computer fanatic isn’t around their computer they are always talking about them. They will always at some point have to talk about some thing related to computers. They have a difficult time separating their computer from any other part of their life. It’s hard to carry a conversation with a computer fanatic because sooner or later they will mention something related to computers. Sometimes it can be interesting but usually they speak at a level of understanding that a non-computer fanatic would not understand. There level of understanding is above most normal people and that is another way to tell if they are computer fanatics.

The Editing of Hemingways The Garden of Eden :: Hemingway The Garden of Eden

The Editing of Hemingway's The Garden of Eden One deceased master author, one 1500 page manuscript, three previously unsuccessful editing attempts. This equation would scare away most editors. At first, it even scared away Tom Jenks. When his bosses at Scribner’s Publishing asked him to revise Hemingway’s 1500 page manuscript, Jenks initially declined. He told the company, â€Å"'I don't care if I never see another Hemingway story again’† (http://narrativemagazine.org/html/eden.htm). For Jenks, â€Å"Publishing more Hemingway seemed less interesting than publishing new writers, which is what I came to Scribner's to do† (http://narrativemagazine.org/html/eden.htm). Ultimately Jenks did take on the impossible task of editing Hemingway. One would expect a Hemingway expert to do the editing of The Garden of Eden, however for Jenks, editing Hemingway was an entirely new experience. Eric Pooley, a writer for New York Magazine, states, â€Å"[Jenks] hadn't read a Hemingway novel in year s. He didn't review the Hemingway canon before he started, and he still hasn't read Islands in the Stream. Preparing to edit, he asked no one for advice†( http://narrativemagazine.org/html/eden.htm). Yet Charles Scribner Jr., one of the three editors who tried and failed to edit the book before Jenks, believes that Jenks’ lack of Hemingway â€Å"worship† made editing the book easier. He states, â€Å"coming to the task fresh, without a long personal association with Hemingway, Tom was less inhibited† (http://narrativemagazine.org/html/eden.htm). Jenks could not afford to be enamored with the work of Hemingway. In front of him lay the task of removing hundreds of pages from one of the world’s most respected authors. The task of editing The Garden of Eden was two fold. First, Jenks needed to preserve the writing of Hemingway. Yet at the same time, he needed to remove hundreds of pages that he believed to be redundant or insubstantial. Jenks calls â€Å"substantial portions [of the manuscript] embarrassingly flimsy† (Jenks 54). As he began the long task of editing, Jenks was lucky enough to have some notes from the original author. Certain parts, especially the first hundred or so pages, had already been edited by Hemingway. Hemingway also left behind dated notes about his work. â€Å"He'd say, 'This is good,' or 'This is shit,'† said Jenks. â€Å"Sometimes the notes were quite detailed† (http://narrativemagazine.org/html/eden.htm). Jenks used these notes, along with his own gut feelings to cut the book down to the size it is today.

Major works data sheet for Rebecca Essay

Title: Rebecca Author: Daphne du Maurier Date of Publication: 1938 Genre: Romance, Gothic, Mystery, Classic Biographical Information about the Author: Daphne du Maurier was born on May 13, 1907, in London, England, the daughter of actor-manager Sir Gerald du Maurier. She was a popular novelist known for her suspenseful, romantic and sometimes supernatural plots. Her best known works are Rebecca and The Birds, both adapted to film by Alfred Hitchcock. Du Maurier was made a Dame Commander in the Order of the British Empire in 1969. She died in 1981 in Par, Cornwall, England. Historical Information about the period of Publication: Characteristics of the genre: Romanticism saw a shift from faith in reason to faith in the senses, feelings, and imagination; a shift from interest in urban society to an interest in the rural and natural; a shift from public. Gothic horror) is a genre of literature that combines elements of both horror and romance. Plot Summary: Rebecca’s narrative takes the form of a flashback. The heroine, who remains nameless, lives in Europe with her husband, Maxim de Winter, traveling from hotel to hotel, harboring memories of a beautiful home called Manderley, which, we learn, has been destroyed by fire. The story begins with her memories of how she and Maxim first met, in Monte Carlo, years before. In her flashback, the heroine is working as the young traveling companion to a wealthy American named Mrs. Van Hopper. In her flashback, Maxim is staying at the same hotel as the heroine and her employer, and after knowing the heroine for only a few weeks, he proposes marriage. She accepts, and he marries her and takes her back to his ancestral estate of Manderley. But a dark cloud hangs over their marriage: Maxim’s first wife, Rebecca, drowned in a cove near Manderley the revious year, and her ghost haunts the newlyweds’ home. Rebecca’s devoted housekeeper, the sinister Mrs. Danvers, is still in charge of Manderley, and she frightens and intimidates her new mistress. Despite the encouragement of the house overseer, Frank Crawley, and Maxim’s sister, Beatrice, the heroine struggles in her new life at Manderley. She feels that she can never compare favorably to Rebecca, who was beautiful, talented, and brilliant–or so everyone says–and soon she feels that Maxim is still in love with his dead wife. Manderley traditionally hosts a costume all each year, and it is soon time for the gala to take place. Swept up in the preparations, the heroine’s spirits begin to revive. But the ball ends in disaster: on Mrs. Danvers’s suggestion she wears a costume that, it turns out, is the same dress that Rebecca wore at the last ball. Upon seeing the heroine, Maxim is horrified, and the heroine becomes convinced that he will never love her, that he is still devoted to Rebecca. The following day, Mrs. Danvers almost convinces her to kill herself, and she only breaks away from the old woman’s spell when rockets go off over the cove, signaling that a ship nas run aground. When divers swim near the grounded snip, they find the wreckage of Rebecca’s sailboat, with Rebecca’s dead body in the hold. This discovery prompts Maxim to tell the heroine the truth: Rebecca was a malevolent, wicked woman, who lived a secret life and carried on multiple affairs, including one with her cousin, Jack Favell. On the night of her death, Maxim had demanded a divorce, and she had refused, and told him that she was pregnant with Favell’s child. Furious, he seized a gun and shot her, and then sailed out to the harbor in Rebecca’s boat and sank it, with the body stowed safely inside. This revelation restores the heroine’s marriage, and enables her to finally shake off the burden of Rebecca’s ghost. Meanwhile, however, the noose of Justice tightens around Maxim: first, it is found that holes have been drilled in the bottom of Rebecca’s boat; luckily the coroner delivers a report of suicide, rather than murder. But soon Rebecca’s cousin Favell, certain that Rebecca did not kill herself, accuses Maxim of the crime. The local magistrate, Colonel Julyan, investigates, and finds that on the day of her death, Rebecca went up to London to see a Doctor Baker. Favell, Maxim, and he heroine accompany Julyan to London; the heroine is certain that Baker will reveal that Rebecca was pregnant, thus revealing Maxim’s vengeful motive for murder. But instead, it turns out that Rebecca was dying of cancer, and that furthermore she was infertile; she had lied to Maxim about her pregnancy. Her terminal illness now supplies a motive for Rebecca’s supposed suicide, and Maxim is saved. He and the heroine drive all night back to Manderley, stopping only once, when Maxim calls home and learns that Mrs. Danvers has disappeared. As they crest the ridge near the mansion, they look down and find it in flames. Describe the authors style: British writer that uses vivid and lengthy descriptions to describe nature. She is very detailed and descriptive, and used some poetic themes to strengthen her writing. An example that demonstrates her style: â€Å"The road to Manderley lay ahead. There was no moon. The sky above our heads was inky black. But the sky on the horizon was not dark at all. It was shot with crimson, like a splash of blood. And the ashes blew towards us with the salt wind from the sea. † Memorable Quotes â€Å"If only there could be an invention that bottled up a memory, like scent. And it never aded, and it never got stale. And then, when one wanted it, the bottle could be uncorked, and it would be like living the moment all over again. † P 36 The quote shows how much the heroine enjoyed spending the quality time with Maxim and wanted their quality time to last a lifetime because she loved him so much. â€Å"l wish I was a woman of about thirty-six dressed in black satin with a string of pearls. † Heroine always wanted to change because she believed that Maxim was still in love with Rebecca, so she believed that she had to change to make him love her as much as he loved Rebecca. Last night I dreamt I went to Manderley again. † Heroine had dreams of Manderley a lot because it still haunted her even after it had been burned down. She did end up falling in love with it, but all the baggage that came along with it was too much for her. â€Å"Either you go to America with Mrs. Van Hopper or you come home to Manderley with me. † â€Å"Do you mean you want a secretary or something? † â€Å"No, I’m asking you to marry me, you little fool. † Maxim asks the heroine to marry him so that she can go back to Manderley with him instead of having to leave with Mrs. Van Hopper. â€Å"The road to Manderley lay ahead. There was no moon. The sky above our heads was inky black. But the sky on the horizon was not dark at all. It was shot with crimson, like a splash of blood. And the ashes blew towards us with the salt wind from the sea. † The mansion had been set fire by someone, and the details given her are a great example of du Maurier’s writing and the details and vivid descriptions that she gave throughout this novel. â€Å"We all of us have our particular devil who ruses us and torments us, and we must give battle in the end. Maxim said this, because he has that â€Å"devil† of Rebecca still aunting him even though she has long been dead. Characters Name Role in the Story Significance Adjectives Heroine (Mrs. De Winter) Mr. de winter’s wife, and loyal supporter. She is the main character, But she is never named. Even throughout the entire book she never has a name besides Mrs. de Winter. She was a shy newcomer to Ma nderley and was kind of not liked by some especially Mrs. Danvers. Shy; self- conscious; Mr. de Winter (Maxim) The husband to Mrs. de Winter, and later to be revealed in the novel as the killer of his late wife Rebecca. The other main character of the husband to Mrs. e Winter. A cultured, intelligent older man, and the owner of Manderley, a prized estate and mansion on the English coast. novel, Intelligent; rich Mrs. Danvers Housekeeper of Manderley, was Rebecca’s personal maid. The sinister housekeeper at Manderley. She was fiercely devoted to Rebecca, and remains devoted to her even after death. She despises the heroine for taking her mistress’s place. Mean; selfish; rude Jack Favell Rebecca’s Cousin Rebecca’s cousin. Lacking integrity and given to alcoholic behavior, he was Rebecca’s lover while she was married to Maxim. Crazy; drunk Rebecca Maxim’s late wife, who was murdered by him. In life, Rebecca was the beautiful, much-loved, accomplished wife of Maxim de Winter, and the mistress of Manderley. Now a ghost, she haunts the mansion, and her presence torments the heroine after her marriage to Maxim. Beautiful; cunning; sneaky Mrs. Van Hopper Heroine’s employer at the beginning of the book A vulgar, gossipy and wealthy American woman. She employs the heroine as a companion while sne travels trom one European resort unkind Setting: town to another. Rude;