Analysis of A Black Birch in Winter :: Black Birch in Winter Essays

Analysis of A Black Birch in Winter     This poem is extremely light more or less to understand if sensation understands the comparison being made. Although by saying that a opuseuver may look doddery in the winter exclusively it will appear reborn in the spring is what Wilbur is talking about, he is relating and comparing this to the life of an aging man. The poem states that Old trees argon ill-fated to annual rebirth, new wood, new life, new compass, and greater girth. This means that the tree will stretch and crack year after year to allow new growth. This resembles a rebirth of the tree each year, but in addition an aging process. The poem talks about the old tree and relates it to an growd(a) man. Or the trenched features of an aged man. It means that the tree is comparable to the aged man because it grows, stretches, and cracks as the years go by. The man grows older and be causes more unironed or cracked, also. He will continue to get more c ontract and cracked as the years go by. The tree drive out be looked upon as something not that fancy, similar mosaic columns in a church, along with the features of an aged man. The mosaic columns would appear to be big and old, probably disfigure from weather and time, as a tree might look. As one looks and studies the old tree and its annual rebirth, one might notice that it is like a form of art. And this is all their wisdom and their art, to grow, stretch, crack, and not yet come apart. The older trees get the stronger they usually get. When one looks at the cracks and features of the tree, one can notice how strong and wise the tree is by all the patterns and age marks on the tree. Rings are features that can tell how old a tree is. As the tree grows each year, and becomes stronger, the rings prepare themselves up around the old wood, which makes the tree bigger. There are some symbols in this poem that some critics of the psychological method use. Yonic and Phall ic symbols are images that depict female and male images. Yonic symbols are concave symbols, which refer to females.

Elective Affinities by Johann Wolfgang Von Goethe Essay

Edward and Charlotte are a old couple, happily marry, and who choke comfortably in a considerable demesne in early 19th century Germany. Edward was an only child, and thus was customary to go awayting what he precious from life. Charlotte was a strong, level-headed woman, who, in spite of beingness at about the same age as Edward, displayed a flake that was far more mature. The characters lived a relaxed, noblemans life, and Charlotte spent most of her metre arranging and decorating the area around their land.The couple had approved to each one other in the past in their youth however they were married to different people to satisfy the wishes of their parents. Both of their spouses died early, and Edward, after traveling abroad, came corroborate and married Charlotte. The two were discussing their coarse fortune at still having time to cherish the moments they never had in their youth, entirely Edward had other plans. His best friend, the sea captain, wanted a job that would suit his multiple talents, and Edward felt obliged to pack him and have him stay with them.Charlotte opposed the idea at first, exactly assented after, but revealing to Edward that she felt the same with Ottilie, her niece who was non adjusting very well to school. The everywherelord was the first to arrive at the estate. In little time he got acquainted with his surroundings, and set about to change them to what he felt was part taste than what Charlotte has done. Charlotte became busy with other things, including correspondence with officials from the school where her daughter, Luciana, and Ottilie were studying. Luciana was a great student and she was always at the top of her class.Ottilie, on the other hand, was a shy and light-headed student, but the Assistant to the superior saw a potential in Ottilie that nobody else did. Edward, Charlotte and the professional were enjoying each others attach to, and on one particular discourse they discussed among them the el ective affinities, the tendencies of chemical species to integrate with certain substances in preference to others. They related the somewhat obscure sketch matter to themselves, and whether these affinities apply to human relationships too, unknowingly foreshadowing their ultimate fates.Ottilie arrived at the estate shortly afterwards, and although a timid girl, she was highly beautiful that the company was inspired by her presence. She quickly became efficient at managing the household, which delighted Charlotte, who was outlay more and more time with the superior due to her desire to knock against the fruits of his plans for the estate. Edward then, found himself spending more time with Ottilie, who he quickly grew fond(p) with. The plans for remodeling the estate were numerous, and the four all contributed plans towards the final end.Ottilies suggestion on the placement of a new house was unexpected because she was so timid, but everybody agreed with it. The Captain busied himself with the remodeling, and although he felt an attraction to Charlotte he fantasy the better of it and tried to stay away from her. However, he resolved to covering the new houses foundation on Charlottes birthday, which he did. The day after Charlottes birthday, two visitors arrived at the estate, the opine and the Baroness, who were unmated lovers as well.In observing their hosts situation, the Baroness deduced that Edward and Ottilie were lovers, The Count meanwhile had noticed the Captains usefulness, and intended to hire him, much to the hidden despair of Charlotte who was similarly very much in love with the Captain. With Ottilie still on his mind, Edward so far goes to his wife and spends the night together with her. The day after, Ottilie revealed to Edward that she loved him, something that he was exceedingly happy about since he shared the intense feelings as well.Charlotte and the Captain had an adventure of their own, in which the Captain kissed her and apol ogizing afterwards. Charlotte recognized that she had an obligation to her husband, and thus push aside short the affair with the Captain. Ottilie and Edward estranged themselves from the two others, while their passion grew with garner and secret correspondence with each other. Edward became busy with the preparations for Ottilies birthday, as the Captain was making preparations for his departure to the Count.On Ottilies birthday, Edward was ecstatiche disposed(p) an extravagant gift of cloth and made preparations for a big fireworks display. When a certain embankment fell to the water and almost caused the drowning of a party-guest, everybody felt that barely festivities were no longer proper, except the now madly-in-love Edward. After the Captains departure, Charlotte tried to save their marriage by sending Ottilie away, but she failed when Edward, not knowing what to do, decided to go away himself.Otillie, saddened by the loss of her love, thus far kept her faith that he wou ld come back for her. Edward wrote a letter to Charlotte that kept Otillie with her until Edwards return. Charlotte learned shortly after that her night with Edward during the Counts visit conceived a child, and through Mittler, her ambassador at the moment, relayed it to Edward, Mittler, a once-minister who thought all marriage is sacred, set to Edward to try to mend their matrimony. Upon study of the news, Edward is more confused and sets off with a death wish to roast the armed forces.By this time, the Architect, a pupil by the Captain, had stopn over remodeling of the estate. With an affinity for the arts, Otillie becomes attached to the Architect, albeit only thinking of him as a well-to-do brother. In Edwards absence, Luciana returns from school with a bridegroom, and she magnifies the difference between her and the timid Otillie. After Luciana left, the Assistant comes to see Otilliehe too is in love with her, but Otillies heart is unattainable. She becomes attached to Ed ward and Charlottes baby, Otto.After his reaching in the army, Edward returns with a clear mindhe is going to take Otillie for himself, and engages his best friendnow a Majorto help him get a separation from Charlotte. An accidental encounter along the lake reunites Edward and Otillie, but afterwards Otillies carelessness caused the drowning and death of Otto. When the Major arrives to tell Charlotte about Edwards proposition, she is still shaken by the death of her son. Otillie, in guilt, resolved to take leave Edward and her love for him after the Major left.Plans were made to return Ottilie to school however, Edward caught her in a hotel on the way there. Ottilie had renounced Edward, and thus spoke not a word to him, but she went back to the estate. Once back, Edward, the Major and Charlotte tried to bewilder her speak once more, but she did not. In fact, she was starving herself secretly, and she died afterwards. In a short time, Edward, who could not live without Ottilie, f ound no reason to live either, and followed his love to the grave.

What makes a business successful?

I have a bun in the oven chosen to analyses three fortunate assembly linees to earn how each business has gained their success, these businesses Include Apple, Sad and McDonalds. Other than having success with a growing profit I will explain another(prenominal) factors that they have used. Apple Is an Innovative business that has dominated the technology sector. They have people of experience, since they have been In the technology industry for over 30 years.This marrow they have enough knowledge for their market and know how to meet consumer demands. likewise they have an excellent racketing team that promotes their product worldwide approximately commonly through their simple yet effective TV adverts. They have a strong brand identity comp atomic number 18d to its competitors since their apple logo is so acknowledge worldwide. Sad is a massive supermarket the 2nd largest retailer in the I-J avocation behind Tests. However I still believe that Sad is palmy due to their m ain aim that Is based upon focusing on their guests.This Includes providing a friendly service and also by consistently putting the customer first by lowering prices to save money which automatically attracts more new consumers and also growing a larger market online. McDonalds Is the worlds most popular fast food franchise with over 60 gazillion customers per day. I believe Its such a successful company because of their sponsorship deals, they much team up with media partners for example photographic film companies such as Dreadlocks when they oust a new movie you are likely to see that guinea pig in your local McDonalds. overly they have mastered international expansion which creates a huge global presence within over 100 countries. I have also chosen three businesses that are unsuccessful to hold out further research on which includes Blockbuster I-J, HEM and Comet. I will explain why I consider each business has failed in their market and how we can learn from their mist akes. Blockbuster UK is a film rental store that used to dominate the industry.Its organisationd troubles from the Increase of competitors that are online, they ply to stream films over the Internet which Is more suited to their stream aspire market that are technology obsessed. The business which Is currently distinguished Is Nettling that Is a popular website rather than a postal service importee its more ideal. Its a wealthy and powerful rival. What we can learn from this is that as a business you have to develop and match customers fills by focusing on what would be preferred by the customer and unendingly adapting to new trends.HEM had an overall decline in sales for CDC and DVDS undermined by contention from online retailers and online downloads. The common trend among music lovers was to buy their music in digital form rather than buying a CD. HEM has failed to keep their face and instead struggled with handling debt. What we can learn from this is exactly the same with Blockbusters that we need to develop the business in different ways to attach the target market allowing them to survive and succeed such as WHO Smith.Comet reached a dip due to new competitors and the movement of Internet competitors Is popular meaning other competitors have a larger target market and loyal customers. Also the market Is extremely competitive since new products are being make so princes half each year which means retailers have to shell out double to online because it tends to be cheaper. What we can learn from this is that to become a successful business you need to understand the online world. Business must now offer different options such as a shop and a website.

History 7a Mid- Term Essay

The Era of Exploration witnessed the rapid political, frugal, and social trespass of Europe into the New World. Between the 15th and seventeenth Centuries several countries influenced the developement of the Americas. hire the most successful and infleuntial colony and compare it with another European colonial structure. Be sure to embroil historical themes in your written argument. 3.The find to the colonial, structure of the United States in firmly established in 17th Century England. In reality, the foudation of the United States is a reflection of this country. Trace the scotch/political/cultural influences of Britain on our colonial structure. In your a nswer include important individuals, governmental structures,events, social policies and historical themes. 4. Analzye and contrast the historical emergence of the Southern Colonies 1603- 1783.In your answer, include historical themes, reasons for colonial impementation, regional schooling, economic structure, religious importance or lack of it, the instittution of Slavery and the ramifications of these colnies on the festering of the United States. 5. New England is the mother culture of Modern United States. break down thsis statement by describing the Colonial Foudation of, Massachusetts, Rhode Island, Connecticut and New Hampshire 1620-1783.How have their histories infleunced the development of contemporary United States? How have these areas impacted our societys

A Little Help on Twelfth Night Essay

The following information is based upon my tape strap on this puzzle out. Although this text version is not the same as the taped lecture, it does contain the same information. All references ar based on the Signet paper-back book edition which you should consult in conjunction with this lecture. twelfth shadow was in all probability written in 1601 and first performed in January of 1602. We know this because the shape is menti iodind that stratum in the diary of a young man training to reach a lawyer at the Inns of Court in London. We can as well tell the approximate date of the play from the references to contemporary events and publications, things give c be books or new maps. To place the publication in Shakespeares career, it comes about cardinal years after Roemo & Juliet. Shakespeares treatment of extol and romance and his use of dramatic devices are even more advanced than they were in his famous tragedy.Twelfth Night is the fourth in a serial publication of romantic comedies which all be possessed of very bright heroines who end up teaching valuable lessons to the men who will become their husbands. Three of these four plays The Merchant of Venice, As You care It and Twelfth Night feature heroines who mask themselves as men and administrate with their male-dominated societies from this secret vantage point. They all stupefy very sophisticated attitudes toward dearest and reveal human folly caused by the excess of about(prenominal) particular quality. Its interesting to note that Twelfth Night was written right after Shakespeare had written Hamlet, which is a very different kind of play, notwithstanding it does give you some bringing close together of the graze of his creative talents.The title of the play is unusual. It refers to the twelve age of Christmas, which you may seclude from the old song, On the Twelfth Day of Christmas. In earlier days the celebration and exchange of gifts which we associate with the 25th o f December were actually conducted during the 12 days which followed that date, culminating with what is called Epiphany. For some reason this twelfth day was associated, and continues to be, with comic misrule, disorderliness and especially amazement all over gender. In this country many pot observe a seasonal tradition by taking their family to front The Nutcracker ballet or The Christmas Carol, Dickens story turned into a stage play.More recent cultural expressions may be the painting How the Grinch Stole Christmas or televisions A Charlie Brown Christmas. Well, in the United Kingdom the cultural equivalent is going to the pantomime or panto. Families will go to the local theater is see a serial of comic skits which feature famous actors and actresses performing in drag. So you cogency see Benny Hill or John Cleese playing the separate of women and some shapely starlet dressed in tight pants playing the part of the hero. Shakespeares play recalls this very old tradition by being a play with similar gender confusion at its core.It is entirely possible that Shakespeare was commissi singled to write the play for a convocation of law students to perform at their Twelfth Night celebration, later followed by performances at his public theater, The Globe. As such, the original audience consisted of young sophisticated gentlemen who would have been knowledgeable about the London theater scene at that place are a number of references in the play to determines by Shakespeares contemporaries. Many of the jokes in the play are lost on us in the 21st Century because they refer to things which were very very much in the public mind in 1601. So when Feste, the jester, says at one point he could have used the word element, however he chose not to because the word is overused, it goes right over our heads. However, it was a howl in Shakespeares time because there was a big flap over Ben Jonsons use of the word.Twelfth Night is one of the few plays Shakespeare wrote which has a secondary or sub-title What You Will. Even here Shakespeare is having a little fun. At one level this title is effective a throw-away line, much like the titles of Much Ado About Nothing or As You Like It, the Elizabethan equivalent of Whatever or No big deal However, in his plays and poems Shakespeare much used the word will to refer to familiar desire. So the title What You Will alike means Whatever intimate desire you choose to pursue. Throughout the play there are at least three places where characters consciously give themselves permission to chase some inappropriate sexual fantasy which will end up reservation them count foolish. Ill point these out as we go done the play.The beginning of Twelfth Night has been pretty well identified. The immediate source is a book by a man formd Barnaby Ridge title Ridge His Farewell to the Military Profession written about 20 years earlier. Ridge wrote a collection of stories he had picked up from many sources and to which he added his own inventions. angiotensin converting enzyme of Ridges stories is about a young woman who disguises herself as a young man and goes to work for a handsome young lord with whom she promptly go in fill in. The young lord orders his new employee to go off and win the bop of a beautiful woman that he desires. The heroine in disguise tries her best, but the beautiful woman falls in love with her disguise.Comic confusion results. Ridge had stolen this story line from an Italian play written earlier, but in reality the ideas here go back to the ancient Greeks and Romans who often wrote about young womans who used disguise to get around the restrictions of their own societies. The ancients also had lots of fun with characters who looked alike identical twins were special populars. One of the Roman playwrights that Shakespeare had read in school, Plautus, had written a famous japery about a set of twins Shakespeare had used it as the backside for his first come dy, Comedy of Errors. So this sophisticated comedy of Twelfth Night is actually based on very old ideas.There are four major composings which are explored in this play. All the themes have to do with love. In fact no other play by Shakespeare shows so many different kinds of love or reactions to love. The first theme is everybody who loves faces obstacles to defeat in order to achieve their hearts desire. Falling love in a Shakespearean comedy is never easy. You really have to work hard to win. The second theme is that love takes many forms, and these coexist uneasily. There is self-love, misguided love, love which was gender inappropriate, or what in politically correct terms we would say was deemed inappropriate by a dominant, sexually repressive society. That just means that in this play women fall in love with women and men with men without ever having a chance for that love to be requited or returned.The third theme is that love makes the unworthy step to the fore foolish w hile correcting the worthy who are simply misguided. Love is the appliance by which we are shown people acting ridiculously. Those who deserve our scorn appear as fools those who have something going for them are shown the errors of their ways through love and finally earn our respect as wise. The fourth and final theme is that love is an infection we willingly seek in the words of one of the characters in this play, a form of divine madness. Despite the possibility of show foolish we give ourselves permission to experience it the same idea I was getting at in my earlier discussion of the sub-title of the play, What You Will.The plot of the play combines three different story lines. There is the love triangle of the fearful characters genus Viola, a clever young woman who is forced to disguise herself as a young man Orsino, the duke who employs Viola in disguise and with whom she falls in love Olivia, the beautiful countess Orsino desires and who in turn falls in love with Viol a. The second story deals with the low-life characters and their rough gratify Sir Toby Belch, whose name tells you everything you need to know about his character Belchs favorite pigeon, Sir Andrew Aguecheek, from whom he steals and with whom he carries out an elaborate practical joke on Malvolio, the business manager of Olivias estate.Malvolio is a character with special political significance for Shakespeares audience. The third story line is not as prominent as the other two but is absolutely indwelling for the resolution of the play. It involves Sebastian, Violas twin brother whom she believes has been drowned, and Antonio, a send captain who rescues him, falls in love with him and pursues him, even at luck of his own life. These story lines intersect at different times and in different ways with different kinds of comic personal effects from the slap cause to the romantic. Social distinctions are the basis for much of the humor of the play.Ive make the point that gender d isguise is what distinguishes this play from some of the other comedies and that the idea goes back to the ancient Greeks and Romans. This device is found in Shakespeares comedies of two Gentlemen of Verona, Merchant of Venice and As You Like It. The device allows a heroine to exercise great freedom of action. Young gentlewomen were under great social constraint. They were not allowed to go in public without an escort. They were forbidden to interact with men without a escort present. They were not supposed to be involved in choosing their own mates. at once they put on pants their opportunities expanded and the dramatic possibilities increased in the play. In Merchant of Venice a young woman dons the disguise and becomes a judge in a capital case.In Two Gentlemen of Verona a young woman plays a man and watches as her boyfriend tries to denounce her with another woman. In As You Like It a bright girl fools even the man who is in love with her and trains him in how she wants him to behave toward her when they are reunited as man and woman. In Twelfth Night we see how a young woman, who is on her own, uses disguise to protect herself in a impertinent world. The device of gender camouflage also provides a double vision. As women these pretenders see the world in terms of the traditional conflict amid the sexes as men they are able to inject a inflammatory note into the smug male world view.In this play, for example Viola is able to educate the man she loves as to the depth of passion and gentry of love women can experience for men, something he never suspected before. at last Shakespeare could use disguise as a way of introducing comic effects and exposing male hypocrisy to his largely male audience. Women attended the plays, but approximately of the audience appears to have been men. Nevertheless, no one comes away from a Shakespearean comedy feeling that men are naturally superior to women. If anything Shakespeares comic heroines seem to be the intel lectual superiors of the men they eventually marry, as if they had taken pity on some poor fool they had just tricked.The reputation of this play has always been very high. It is one of Shakespeares closely beloved works, and many people consider it the best of all the comedies. The humor is sharp, the satire still biting and many of the jokes just as homophile(a) as they were 400 years ago. As we go through the play scene by scene Ill point out some of the remarkable achievements Shakespeare realizes in this timeless comedy. Lets look at the play itself now.

How the divorce impact the children Essay

divide has turn over an familiar part of Ameri rouse society today. This has ca rehearsed p argonnts and professionals a alike to direct concern round the effects of come apart on nestlingren of all ages. Research in this theatre of operations is saucily but is nevertheless helping us to gradually profits a better understanding and appreciation that decouple is rocky for a electric razor of any age. This paper considers the effects of decouple on children ranging in age by summarizing and analyzing existing research. The focus of my paper get out be measuring the different aspects of life instilled by a childs aim with come apart. Some of the factors that willing be of concern embroil the subjects age at the meter of the disjoint, gender and fourth dimension passed since the divorce occurred. Mainly, this paper will be trying to prove that divorce ignore and does walk out legion(predicate) aspects of a childs prox. in that location encounter been numero us studies and piles of research d atomic number 53 on this paper since the sufferning of divorce and much so now imput subject to its insurrection numbers in our society. from the research that I bemuse completed, it appears that a ken of this research is consistent as far as their results go. Divorce has become a major concern for childrens health and bankruptment in American society. Parents and professionals are becoming much to a greater extent than(prenominal) interested in the effects of divorce on children. It is definitely kn experience that divorce is a very stressful clip for children. Children, adolescents, and teenagers will are believably to experience livelinessings of concern, sadness and fussiness during and later on their experiencing their parents divorce. legion(predicate) of the resources that I impart acquire give up stated that parental divorce produced a moderate, long- bourn electr iodinegative impact on their mental health as adults. The negative effects of divorce on mental health operated indirectly by federal agency of high turned on(p) problems and lower levels of school achievement and family economic status.I surrender found that there have been several(prenominal) theoretical perspectives created, that I have read about, that try to explain some of the effects of divorce and a nonher(prenominal) types of explanations for some of the behaviors. Some of these include the socialisation perspective of divorce, interparental conflict, the divorce-stress- enrollment perspective, etc. These theories exact different modal values of looking at how divorce may affect the child experiencing it. One of these that I discussed, as an example was the divorce-stress-adjustment perspective, this views divorce as a very long-run event, beginning with the arguments and other behaviors that occur magical spell the couple lives unneurotic and ending long after the healthy procedures have been completed. This per spective as wholesome as goes into the different emotional, behavioral and health issues connected with divorce.Many researchers are looking at divorce as an user-friendly way out or selfishness on the part of the parents. Parents are not thought about the lifelong and traumatic effects that they might be creating for their children by making the permanent decision to divorce. In most cases, unhappily unite parents staying together for the sake of their kids, will be found as unspoilt for them. Research has found that children of divorce are more promising to develop mental and emotional disorders afterward in life. These children are also likelier to startle sexual activity to begin with, abuse drugs, turn to crime and even as fateful as committing suicide. They additionally will find themselves facing problems in their future intimate races as they may not have had the prudish model for wizard through their parents due to their split. These emotional problems may not appear right away that is why they have been given the gentle of a sleeper effect. Their parents divorce hangs like a buy over their lives haunting them later on as adults.In researching my bearing I do hope to find more precise descriptions on divorce than I presently have knowledge of. I deprivation to develop a much better understanding of what aftermath, if it exists, of divorce may be for a childs future. I think that I will have excellent results due to the fact that I will be studying numerous studies that have already been completed alternatively than just one or creating my testify saucy study. My plan was to use more of a qualitative analysis through my research as opposed to a quantitative analysis. This is because I want to have a better sniff out of social observations that have previously been made. I will base my report on the information that I find by comparing and contrasting these numerous researchers collections of work. This is in hopes of finding any of the kinks that I may come across by reading so galore( functionnominal) different research projects and then summarizing and putting all of the information together to make my final conclusions.According to Websters Dictionary, the definition of divorce is the legal dissolution of a matrimonial couple or to end marriage with ones spouse. In looking up grounds for divorce one will find legion(predicate) different variations including but most for sure not limited to, adultery, desertion, physical or mental cruelty, habitual drunkenness, incurable mental illness, conviction of a crime, nonsupport, etc. The statistics for divorce in the 1990s suggest that around fifty percent of marriages inevitably end in divorce. Given this startling figure, the assumption can be made that some(prenominal) children will experience some effects caused by this life-changing event called divorce. This unsettling recognition that is organism made through the collections of research beingness done is that four-year-old children of split parents are facing various types of psychological challenges due to the environmental conditions and changes associated and brought about by the event of divorce. juvenilely, family researchers have started to perceive matrimonial gaolbreak as a continuous, multistage process that may begin long forwards families dissolve and extend many years after divorce or separation (Sun, 697).Children that experience their parents divorce will have trouble in the future with numerous social developments in their life such(prenominal) as, school, socialization with peers, intimate alliances, etc.My objective in doing this research is to study children that have experienced their parents divorce and find out how this may affect them in the future. I have a particular interest in this result because my parents were split when I was thirteen. This experience was very hard on me and I feel that it still affects me today in certain aspects of my life. I also believe that it may have had a lot to do with moulding me into the person that I am today. I would like to research this yield to see what has been found thus far through research so that I can develop a better understanding of my own personal situation and the zillions of others in this similar situation.When compared to children of never- break families, researchers have agreed that children and adolescents from divorced families show poorer adjustment in numerous aspects of life. After find outing more than 100 kids whose parents had recently divorced, Judith Wallerstein concluded that the effects of a break in the family unit can be life-long and traumatic for a considerably big enough group of children and adolescents for us to have concern. While their parents might feel liberated by getting out of an unhappy marriage, the kids were bereft. In interviews, many expressed a profound pessimism about their future (Kantrowitz, 48).Adolescents and children also a ffair with anxiety, and self blame and anger, which then transform into the undercurrent for making good-for-nothing decisions in their future relationships, and giving up hastily when any new kind of problems present themselves. Part of this struggle is said to be due to the loss of the powerful mental image of the intact family inflicts the crucial disparage (Leo, 140). Later as adults, these young people become frightened of failure, commitment, and scare that they might end up following in their parents footsteps. Such emotional hardships only set the stage for misbehavior and delinquent activity.As marriage has become a more optional and less permanent cornerstone in contemporary America, adolescents are encountering stresses and adaptive challenges that reflect off of their parents marital transitions. Such dysfunctional self-concepts, anxiety and trouble adapting socially as discussed earlier have been proven to affect the childs actions, as well as their mindset. Recent studies have shown that children of divorce are more depressed, obstreperous toward parents and teachers, more likely to develop mental and emotional disorders later in life, start sexual activity earlier, have more children out of wedlock, have problems with drug abuse, crime and even have been lead to suicide (Leo, 140). The anxiety battles they face are brought with them most everywhere, including the classroom where numerous problems are being displayed. Additionally, these problems in the classroom may sooner than later appear on the streets and neighborhoods in some form of delinquency or violence.One of the concepts genuine to describe an aspect of these problems caused in children of divorce is the sleeper effect. This term is found in many researchers writings to describe the deep and long-term emotional problems that arise only when the children enter early adulthood and begin to confront issues of romance and marriage (Leo, 140). It is because of the sleeper effect that so many children of divorce are later in life finding themselves having different problems with numerous aspects including intimate relationships that they become involved in. Divorce is a difficult thing for a child of any age to be squeeze to face as their reality. Understanding what may be the necessity of the divorce is never the problem, it is learning how to deal with the consequences of it that they will find themselves facing later on down the road.Parental conflict appears to have a enunciate effect on the coping efforts of children. The concentrated anxiety and anger amongst some parents in the early stages of divorce is all too real. It is parking area behavior for the parents to allow their children to get in the middle of fierce communicatory confrontations that may be occurring between them. Criticizing and belittling the other parent in front of the child is another way of placing the child in an dirty position. This, in essence, is leading to putting the pressure on the child to feel as if they must choose between the parents. A less apparent example of parental-conflict is the way in which the dickens opposite genders relate to one another in the presence of children. Mothers may treat sticks as if they are less important and undeserving of respect, just as the opposite can apply. Any form of parental conflict, no matter to what degree, leads to more sloppiness and a difficult adjustment period for the children involved.The worsening in parent-child relationships after divorce is another leading cause in psychological maladjustment for children. Recent studies say that its not the parents marriage or divorce that affects childrens later relationships, but the parent-child bond that is key to childrens success in achieving their own satisfying adult relationships (Campbell, 16). With any divorce comes a new parenting plan of some kind. A child may experience every shared custody between the two parents or custody by one parent with visitation by the other parent. Variations of these plans can be included or added at different times in the childs life depending on special circumstances. More often than not, the bugger off is awarded custody of the children. The absence of the father on a full time level is detrimental to the healthy development of the children. In the case that the father is awarded custody of the children, the opposite applies as well. Some scholars see the two-parent family as the important institution of societythe circumstance in which adults achieve a sense of meaning, stability, and security and the setting in which children develop into healthy, competent, and productive citizens (Amato, 1269). Studies have shown that deterioration in tutelary parent-child relationships may frequently occur in the scratch line year or two following divorce.The correlation between divorce and a drop in old-hats of living for female-headed families has been documented in several studies. The association between divorce and financial difficulties in these households may negatively impact childrens adjustment periods. Because females have lower-paying jobs and often arent able to collect child support, they cant provide an adequate standard of living for their families (Henderson, 2). It is a disap localizeing statement but sadly usually still true today that men commonly are more successful in their occupations than women. Men are usually the ones that bring sign more money and women usually win custody battles so a balance has to be found the resulting decision most commonly being some form of child support. The decrease in income level can contribute to anxiety, frustration, and even embarrassment for children.Listed by age group are some of the more common post-divorce symptoms experienced by children. Preschool children are more likely to blame themselves and to experience nightmares, enuresis, and eating disturbances. Early-school age children suffer with facult y member problems, withdrawal and depression. Older school age children are more likely to blame one parent for the divorce and feel in puree anger at one or both of their parents. Adolescents experience the most intense anger and also exhibit problems with developmental issues of independence and interpersonal relationships. The adjustment period for children experiencing divorce is traumatic. Parental conflict is generally high and tense in the beginning stages, which gives children a sense of insecurity. Change occurring in the parent-child relationship is almost always prevalent leading children to worry about who will take care of them. Disorganization and inconsistency in parenting styles leave the children in a state of confusion. Children dont know what behavior is unimpeachable at moms vs. dads place of residence. cod to all these changes, it is reasonable to hypothesize that environmental condition and change associated with the post divorce adjustment period are med iated both by the different experiences that occur and by different responses to these experiences.This investigation was done as a means of proving my hypothesis that I developed before setting out to find my resources. My goal was to explore the different perceptions and experiences had by children of divorce that were stated in numerous different collections of research. This is what makes my research a qualitative study since I have chosen to examine and interpret my observations through the research of many other examiners of this topic. I have done this for the tendency of discovering any underlying meanings and patterns that may exist concerning the effects of divorce on children.As had been stated earlier, around 50% of marriages end in divorce. Divorce rates seem to be constantly rising, numbers closer to 60% have also been reported. More than 12 million children younger than 18 years of age have divorced parents, and more than 1 million children younger than 18 years of a ge will experience divorce this year (Lebowitz, 695). Even though growing up in divorced families raises the risk certain kinds of psychological, emotional and physical problems, it by no means forces the child into a terrible life. It has been found and recorded that 75% to 80% of children of divorce are functioning well, with little long-term damage.25% of children from divorced families have serious social, emotional or psychological problems (Corliss and McLauglin, 40).This study simply is mainly focused on children ranging in ages from younger school healed to older teenagers and college adults. The one thing that the subjects in this study will have in common is their having been through their parents divorce at some point in their childhood, adolescence or teenage years. Divorce obviously affects both males and females. The two genders have shown that they are affected differently in some cases, though they are for the most part similar.As long as families follow the t rend that divorce is setting, more and more children will become the victims of their own parents divorce and be left to fend for themselves whether it is physically with unstable custodial parents or mentally without the needed role models and structure in their lives to trammel them headed in a more positive direction. Divorce has been shown to adversely affect academic performance, and personal characteristics as far as social skills and self-presentation, it erodes the parent-child relationship and takes away structure and replaces it with a consequence free environment. When you take a child, an adolescent none-the-less at the height of confusion and insecurity and remove boundaries such as parents, rules, and regulations, some sort of trouble is likely to result. It is true that children are our future, so maybe we should be taking this fact into more serious consideration when making the decision to divorce which will more than likely have some kind of negative effect on the ir future well-being.The easiest recommendation to give to any married couple with children is to remain married for the kids sake. If a couple can repair their marriage and develop an efficient parental alliance, their kids will certainly benefit (Coontz, 21). Divorce is commonly the easy way out, rather than spending a little unornamented time working things out, couples selfishly opt to divorce. Usually, their reasons for divorce are nothing more than just not getting along with each other like they used to. Parents have, for some reason, become unwilling to put forth the extra necessary effort towards making their relationship successful.BibliographyAmato, Paul R. 2000. The Consequences of Divorce for Adults and Children. daybook of Marriage and Family. Vol. 62 pick out 4, p1269.Henderson, Zorika Petic. 1993. Divorce Impoverishes Women and Children.Human Ecology. Vol. 21, sequel 1 p2.Kirn, Walter. 2000. Should You Stay Together for the Kids? Time. September 25.Lach, Jennifer . 1999. The Consequences of Divorce. American Demographics.Vol 21 Issue 10 p14.Lebowitz, Marcia Lipman. 2001. Divorce and the American Teenager. AmericanAcademy of Pediatrics.Richardson, Christina D. and Rosen, lee(prenominal) A. 1999. School-Based Interventions forChildren of Divorce. Professional School Counseling, Vol. 3 Issue 1, p21.Robertson, Ian. 1995. Bloody Kids. British Medical Journal. Vol. 310 Issue 6987p1143.Royal, Sharon W. and Knoff, Howard M. 1990. Children and Divorce. SchoolPsychology Review. Vol. 19 Issue 2 p253.Studer, Jeannine R. and Allton, Judith A. 1996. When Parents Divorce AssistingTeens Adjust Through a Group flak. Guidance and Counseling. Vol. 11Issue 4, p33.Webster, Pamela Orbuch, Terri L. and House, James S. 1995. Effects of Childhood Family cathode-ray oscilloscope on Adult Marital Quality and Perceived Stability.American Journal of Sociology. Vol. 101 Issue 2, p404.

American Corporations Have Always Responded to Family Issues

Since the birth of the United States of America, and indeed handout punt even further to the days of Colonial America, organized businesses thrust existed. These businesses have almodal values take upd any number of workers to make products, entrust services, and the like. Eventually, with the establishment of the American legal system, these businesses became American corporations and flourished, needing even more workers. Of course, these workers typically have families that they are working to support, and from time to time, issues arise within those families that require extra assistance.With this in mind, the issue of whether American corporations have unendingly responded to family issues arises. In this research, the assertion will be made that American corporations have in fact always responded to family issues. This assertion will be back up with historical evidence. Statement/Support of Position The introduction stated that the position of this root is that Americ an corporations have always responded to family issues, and that position will be supported with historic evidence, with one important distinction at the outset.It is impossible to enjoin that all American corporations have always been responsive however, it is possible to hire forth some expectant examples of huge corporations, past and present that are quite responsive in fact. First, we travel in time back to the early 1800s and the business empire of a Scottish immigrant named Andrew Carnegie. A rightful(a) rags-to-riches story, Carnegie came to America as a young man and eventually worked his way into becoming one of the wealthiest men in America.However, his personal belief was that a man who died wealthy without helping others was not a man at all. Because of this, he formed charitable foundations to help the families of his workers, as well as others, which today is manifested in the Carnegie-Mellon Foundation, which continues to help families to this very day (Andrew Ca rnegie People and Events). likewise compelling evidence of American corporations helping family issues include the millions of dollars that choco ripe big businessman Milton Hershey used to establish literally a town in atomic number 91 that would eventually bear his name.His intention in establishing the town was to have schools, hospitals and accommodate that would foster the healthy development of the American family (Milton Hershey The familiarity and the Man). Fast forwarding to the modern day, Ford Motor Company has devoted tens of millions of dollars to support armed services families, who have unlimited issues due to separations that are necessary when one conjure up is serving overseas and the like (Fords Warriors in Pink and army Wives Join Forces).Also, even in the midst of one of the worst stinting situations in recent US history, the American financial industry of late has united to raise funds for the battle of cancer, a horrible infirmity that literally destr oys families (Financial Industrys Leading Charity Aims to reverse $1 Million at Annual Expect Miracles). Conclusion From just a few prominent examples, past and present, the point has been firmly established that American corporations have always responded to family issues.Once again, it should be stated that not all corporations respond like Ford, Hershey ,etc. , only if perhaps they will in the future if motivated by the minute examples set by the corporations that have responded to such issues. In closing, that is probably the near significant point to take away from this research. References Andrew CarnegiePeople and Events. Retrieved October 13, 2008 from the World entire Web http//www. pbs. org/wgbh/amex/carnegie/peopleevents/pande01. html Financial Industrys Leading Charity Aims to Raise $1 Million at Annual Expect Miracles.Retrieved October 13, 2008 from the World all-encompassing Web http//www. reuters. com/article/pressRelease/idUS114628+09-Jun-2008+BW20080609 Fords Warriors in Pink and armament Wives Join Forces. Retrieved October 13, 2008 from the World Wide Web http//www. fordvehicles. com/warriorsinpink/armywives/? searchid=426441&28330281&205684999References Milton Hershey The Company and the Man. Retrieved October 13, 2008 from the World Wide Web http//www. hersheypa. com/town_of_hershey/history/

Legal and Political Aspects of the Business

Pick an administrative agency of either the Federal or a state of matter government. Find where the current and proposed convention changes for that agency are locate on the internet. (i.e. the Federal Register or the State Administrative authorisation website.) Regulations.gov is a tidy place to begin your research. Pick one proposed ordination change currently under consideration (if you find one which has already closed out, but interests you, you can use that, instead) and write the following regarding it1. State the administrative agency which controls the regulation. Explain why this agency and your proposed regulation interests you (briefly). lead this proposed regulation affect you or the business in which you are operative? If so, how? Submit a copy of the proposed regulation along with your responses to these five questions. The proposed regulation can be enterted as either a separate expression document (.doc) or Adobe file (.pdf). This means you exit submit two attachments to the Week 2 Dropbox (1) a Word doc with the questions and your answers and (2) a copy of the proposed regulation you used for this assignment.The administrative agency I occupy is the Social Security Administration and the proposed regulation is Amendments to Regulations Regarding Withdrawal of Applications and Voluntary interruption of Benefits.I selected this agency because as most of us deal with it and some air or the other everyone in the family will affected by the proposed rules of it. approach shot to this rule ,it is so interesting that how can they limit the layover of prevailing and fetching their rights away.2. Describe the proposal/change.Basically workers have the right to choose when to apply for grey-haired age benefits.So depending on the time they apply the number of benefits will be decreased or increased accordingly. According to this proposed regulation they are limiting the time for the withdrawal of old age benefits applications. They onl y allow for only one withdrawal for lifetime and also limit the conscious suspension benefits.And they say that by doing these changes to the current policies they can avoid the utilise of them.3.Write the public call attention which you would submit to this proposal. If the proposed regulation deadline has already passed, write the comment you would have submitted. Explain briefly what you wish to accomplish with your comment.I am not favor of this proposed rule because my uncle who is about to retire in few years when he is 62 and wanted to postpone to apply for old age benefits at 70.This is because it will increase the benefits.At present he is good and planning to work few more years after retiring(a) so that he can take care of his sister who is trauma from cancer.By this proposed rule he has to apply for the benefits within 12 month period after he retires which sort outs him out of money when he actually is in need of it.Old age pack dont have either one to take car e of them and they all expect more benefits and they realise when they do need the benefits.If they think that are they proposing this rule to not make it misuse or abuse they should find out the percentage of people who are suffering from it.

Perfume Behaviours Essay

AbstractWearing odourise has been becoming much popular among immature ladies. There argon thousands of burdens in market and for each bingle young lady pervert substances concent come out on variant ingredients. much(prenominal) as sense of smells, package, advertizings and so on. Therefore, this piece of question is to survey the lynchpin factor for consumers get perfumes. This look into is conducted by qualitative Research and Secondary research. Qualitative researches ar Elite Interview, Generic Interview and Observation. It up resignd to prove my hypothesis is reliable and this research is ended with some recommendations concern with this research.BackgroundAs perfume is regarded as unrivalled(a) of the biggest Fast Moving Consumer Good (FMCG), revealed by 1371 different types of perfume be s over-the-hill in Selfridges & co and annual global perfume industry sales revenue was $27.5 billion. a kindred data shows number of perfume home runs carried by US department stores change magnitude from 756 to 1160 between 2002 and 2010. (Statistic Brain, 2012) One short movie shows that when Marilyn answered a question in an interview about What do you wear to bed? She said safe a few drops of N5 (Chanel2012, 2012) For some females perfume it seems give care a cloth and plays an essential subprogram in womens occasional life. Wearing a special fragrance derriere be ane of lifes capacious personal pleasures. Perfumes can evoke memories, to enamour you to a nonher place, an otherwise time.Perfumes can make you feel sexy, flirty, and happy. (PR, 2012) The research shows the great Valentines Day gift is perfume. Mary Ellen Lapsansky, Vice President of The bouquet Foundation said One drop of fragrance can swear it all, do it all.(PR, 2012) However, how can consumers decide which perfume to choose? Which factors can wreak the drillr for purchasing perfumes? There are a huge criterion numbers of advertisements in market. It seems like that advertisement or other commercialised actions guide consumers to buy perfumes.Take Chanel No.5 as an apt example. In the 1990s, calculate reveals more money spent advertising Chanel No.5. It has been estimated, run low year, that more than $20 million is spent annually on marketing for Chanel No.5. In last year the sale revenue for Chanel No.5 was 1.809 billion. (Nessymon, 2012) We remove to acknowledge that there are many factors in mind of users which induce them to purchase a picky perfume. Some of these factors are fragrance, price, packaging, brand loyalty, feature and habit. Therefore, the prime objective of my muse is to analyze the effect of various factors on buying mien of users. methodologyThis research is conducted by Qualitative research. Qualitative research methods contained three part Elite interview, Generic interview and Observation. Firstly, 1 sale person at Churchill Square in Brighton and two more sale spate at Selfridges & co has been in terviewed with some questions about what are the factors leave behind work on the user for purchasing perfumes and their personal view on the hypothesis of this research has been asked. Secondly, 20 female consumers at Selfridges & co have been interviewed by Generic interview with their opinion on user buying behavior towards perfumes and agree or disagree with the hypothesis. Furthermore, an observation had carried out at extracurricular of Churchill Square, which observe the number of women who were wearing perfumes out of 50 women who passed by the opening of Churchill Square. In the meanwhile, their age ranges were being observed.ResultsResults of observationOutcome of observation distant of the Churchill Square was 31 out of 50 passers-by who is women wearing perfumes. Their age is that it looks like among 15-year-old and 30-year-old.Results of generic interviewThe following draw gives the information of generic interview with 20 respondents about evaluate of importa nce factors when you purchase a perfume. The rating is from 1 to 5(1 for least important and 5 for around important) with sextet factors (Aroma, Price, Packaging, Brand, Quality and Habit). picIt obviously shows that 17 respondents conceptualise flavour is one of the most important factors allow mold their purchasing decisions, while only 1 person esteem fragrance is not an essential factor. Most Respondents think price may influence their decisions nevertheless not quit essential, thence most rating gather around 1,2and 3. Both 12 respondents rate 3 and 4 for packaging and habit. Last, most people rate 4 and 5 for both brand and quality. picThis pie chart reveals that 57% of respondents leave be influenced by discounts or free gifts, while another 43% are in the other side. picAs can be seen from the above picture 6 respondents consider samples of perfume counters not influence their choice, but 9 more respondents consist samples of perfume counters can or may influence t heir decisions. Then there are 10 respondents consider advertisement or brand ambassador can affect their buying behavior and one more respondents do not think so. Last, all my respondents use the famous brand perfumes, like Chanel, Dior, YSL, GivenchyResults of elite interview with three sales peopleThree sales people are interviewed with question about what will influence consumer buying behavior. Three of them are all thinking aroma is important. Consumer is not going to buy something that smells bad. smell is a powerful rooster for apricot brands, especially for perfumes. Additionally, they all think that most consumers are not care about the price of perfumes, because they think perfume plays a role of necessities in most peoples daily life or most consumers buy it as a gift. Then, one of them mentioned ingredient is important. Whether is this perfume suitable for sensitive skin persons or not.Besides, one of three think beautiful package, advertisements and brand story are all including commercial way, it has tinct on sale numbers but not actually essential, especially for homogeneous level brand perfumes. While, another two sales place advertisements or brand can influence consumers buying decisions. Furthermore, one of them mentioned touch of perfume also is a factor for consumer buying towards perfumes. Some consumers will come and say they want to have a perfume with squirt color or they need a yellow one. They do not think free gifts can influence consumers decisions. One of them said when a consumer buy a perfume, he or she always can extend a huge number of perfume samples. however discounts can charismatic more consumers.DiscussionAll the above the analysis, the hypothesis is true. There are various reasons may influence the user for purchasing perfumes. No doubt, aroma is important. Consumers are not going to buy bad smell beauty product. Scent is a powerful tool for beauty brands, especially for perfumes. Besides, Scent can directl y affect the caprice of consumers. Nobody wants to buy a bad fragrance perfume and lead them into a sadly mood. merchandising is another cannot be ignoring factors. Almost half per cent respondents think advertisement or brand ambassador would influence their decisions. Also perfume companies devote much money on advertisements and take many actions build brand loyalty. In addition, all my respondents are all use perfumes with famous brand. wish well Chanel, Dior, Givenchy, YSL. It reveals more investment on advertisements attract more consumers. But contender for same level brand. When you go to Harrods which is a very famous shop mall located in London and all perfumes show in Harrods are famous with exalted quality.If before go there you do some research and want to buy a perfume which is one famous singer uses or is a very world-known brands. Sadly, you forget the reach of the brand or the package of perfume. You also can pick up one suitable perfume without that informati on when you walking around the perfume gallery. Perfume is not same as clothes or shoes. bulk do not need follow fashion trend to buy perfumes they just need choose one most suitable one for themselves or pick up one suitable perfume use in a suitable atmosphere. However, there are some fans will buy same perfume as their favorite singer or actors due to they want to closer with their idols. Thus, marketing is lowly. Except aromas and marketing, there are other factor has effected on buying behavior towards perfumes. 23% respondents never change the brand of their perfumes shows that habit has the impact on buying decisions.41 per cent of respondents change perfumes seasonally reveals that weather, life experiences or mood may change peoples taste or necessary of different fragrances. Additionally, age is one of other factors. Like many young ladies may choose the Chanel but many older ladies prefer the old brand perfumes. Color of perfume also can change consumers buying decisio ns. If my packaging and claims are ghastly, does my product smell blue? Successful products make these full-circle sensory connections clear to consumers. Price is not a sensible impact factor and free gifts or discounts may increase volume of sales but is small. Therefore my hypothesis is true. Fragrance is key factor for purchasing and marketing is secondary. However, it also exits many other factors can effect consumer buying actions.ConclusionThis research is reliable. But it exits several problems in my research. Firstly, I do the observation at weekend and outback(a) of a shopping mall. Some people just use perfumes during workdays or use it only at weekend. Besides, I may neglect someone who is victimisation a real pale fragrance. Thus the data is not very precise. Actually, I need take a quantitative research. Secondly, my research did at Selfridges & co and Churchill Square. Both of these two shopping centers are for high shopping level consumers. It means most respo ndents have similarity scotch background and most of them use perfumes of luxury brand and do not really care about price or quality (as quality is the same). They also may more concentrate on brand story. Last, the unmistakable buying actors towards perfumes can vary from different culture background and different countries. However, this research is reliable due to the result collected would be same or similar if another research with the same hypothesis is wear out.RecommendationFor my research, I should do a quantitative research. Such as do an on-line survey. My observation should not only do outside a shopping center at weekend, I need do more at different locals and time. For perfume companies, we have to acknowledge that aroma is a key factor for consumers. Marketing (advertisement and brand ambassador) for perfume is secondary important. Although it not as essential as the clothes, shoes or other fashion products.As my first research is based on perfume of famous brand, it shows advertisements have tiny impact on product sales. But for lower brand it may opposite. Thus, I should do further research including diverse levels of brand. Then perfume manufactories should distill perfume from natural intergradient. They should take some actions related color of perfumes and package to fragrances of perfumes. This piece of research shows young ladies whose age between 15 and 30 buying behavior towards perfumes, but females on distinct ages with diverse life experience may have different consuming actions. I need collect information from panoptic age period.BibliographyA SENSORY JOURNEY FRAGRANCE IN brand 2012, Global Cosmetic Industry, 180, 5, pp. 48-54, business line Source Elite, EBSCOhost, viewed 1 December 2012Chanel (2012) Marilyn and N5 Inside Chanel Available at http//www.youtube.com/user/chanel?feature=results_main (Accessed check 2012/11/27)PR, N (2012), Going shopping for a fragrance? male parentt know what to choose? Let the Certified Fra grance sales Specialist be your guide, PR Newswire US, 21 June, Regional Business News, EBSCOhost, viewed 1 December 2012PR, N (2012) The Great Valentines Day endow Dilemma Question What Gift Says It All, Does It All, in One Pretty megabucks? Answer Fragrance, Fragrance, Fragrance, PR Newswire US, 2 February, Regional Business News, EBSCOhost, viewed 26 November 2012.Statistic Brain(2012) Perfume Industry Statistics Available at http//www.statisticbrain.com/perfume-industry-statistics/ (Accessed2012/11/28)FRAGRANCE strain 2012, Global Cosmetic Industry, 180,8, p.12, Business Source Elite, FBSCOhost, viewed 1 December 2012.Nessymon (2012), Analyzing advertise Chanel No.5 The Film Available at www.nessymon.com (Accessed December, 2012).

Love and Friends

When he cares for someone, he shows it and oneself, h?s non a shy type of person and maybe in force(p) a little bit lazy value. He looks like a lamia because he hates going out in the morning because as what Ive said, hes in addition conscious with his skins color. He hates cheese but he likes chocolate a lot. He looks so cute when his sleeping he looks like a little child. Unlike the other boys, hes not fun of playing hoops and other b e very(prenominal)(prenominal) games think. This someone is not vindicatory like an quotidian someone for me.Someone testament remain someone, no name go forth be mention. Not all someone means unknown. Persuasive essay gain Many Friends gut Are They All Real All of us have a friend, thats normal. But do you think if you have umteen another(prenominal) friends, all of them are true friends? No, no, no. You what more friends, for what? Having many friends is not the basis Of having a objective one. Friends are those person whose thither d uring the succession that you in reality need someone to talk to and someone to be with, not that person who are just there when they need something from you. , you, us, we dont need many friends when in fact, all of them are just fake and can crop us in trouble. Just look for the person who you think rattling deserves to be your friend. The person who you think it is and the person can really trust. world friendly is actually nice. But actually you dont need all of them. At least having some people in your life is enough. Dont ask for more, just be contented with the friends you have because you just dont know they are the real one. Not all the time that the merrier is better.Narrative Essay The Family Have The people who depart always be there for you, who will acceptor whatever and whoever you are. Who will think of things for your own good and make you safe, not the things that can harm you. The beaver(p) gift you receive from divinity, the only one who will be there wh en you feel nothing. Family, the one hose there during the hard, sad and happy quantify in our life. Where we first learn how to love, how to care, and treasure important things we have, and where we first meet the feeling of being love.Like other people, I have my own family which is imperturbable of my mother, sister and of course me. Youve noticed theres no father right? Yeah, all of us have father but not all of us experience of being love of a father and Im one of that. Yes, I have father but never feel his presence stock-still hi so I conclude 3 members of a family Is enough. I already feel contented even without a father. My mother raises me and my sister alone. I saw how my mother did her best just to provide our needs, just to make us live. Appreciate everything that my mother did.Shes the best mom lye ever wish for, just like my sister. My sister is just like me, a disobedient but a loving child. Maybe that why were really close. But despite of that she is a very good sister and shes the best. She cares for me that much. I can say its really nice to be the youngest daughter and sister. Im very honor to have them as my family. To have my mother as my teacher as the same time my adviser and my sister as my best friend. Having a family like them, you wont wish for anything else. I just wish, May God blessed me and my family and guide us.Expository Essay Influence High school graduating students will soon be studying in college. Do you know that approximately 50% to 70% of the graduates will read their course with the crook of their friends than their family? Graduating students will choose their course for their college. But observations say that friends give greatest influence to students on what they will choose. Parents have less influence to their children because they want their children to choose on their own. Influence can either be good or bad. It depends upon the people who will believe.

Critical Thinking and Its Beneficial Use Essay

There are nuggets of wiseness nigh life that tell of applicable truths close it. We can sure find an array of them live like on that points no tomorrow, do good and avoid evil, do not do unto another(prenominal)s what you do not want others do unto you, among others. But there is unmatched adage about life that most multitude if not all pack will personally come across as they grow old in life. It goes by the phrase, life is the best teacher in the world. Even modern schools of thought accede to this for angiotensin-converting enzyme cannot exclusively dismiss the truth that lies in the concomitant that experienceis a major resource in acquire situations (Brookfield, 1986, p. 38).True enough, there are experiences in life that teach racy lessons. They can figure in the learning wizardness draws from school, or the decisions one takes on oneself, or even mistakes one commits in the process. But learning from the past does not necessarily do to translate to committ ing so m whatever indecisions and mistakes in life. While learning primarily stems from the lessons one draws from the past, one does not al instructions have to commit mistakes to peck which decision whole caboodle or not.There can be a lot of things at stake and far galore(postnominal) more things to fall asleep were one to put on an attitude of laxity in approach life. Surely, life whitethorn allow certain latitude for mistakes but the general thumb-rule about it runs by the premise that one engages first in profound consideration of possibilities and consequences before qualification a major decision. As it were, this is where unfavorable intellection comes in. Critical Thinking Its Nature and Aspects Critical mentation is essentially an exercise involving correct reasoning.At the actually least(prenominal), censorious thinking is through to arrive at a correct judgment over matters that may or may not lead to a certain human body of decision. Thomson would d efine critical thinking as an exercise that is centrally come to with giving reasons for ones beliefs and actions, analyzing and evaluating ones own and other peoples reasoning, devising and constructing better reasoning (Thomson, 2002, p. 2. Fundamentally, critical thinking is a process and not a possession of an immediate or intuitive knowledge. wholeness does not usually engage in critical thinking if he or she is not willing to undergo its meticulous process a process which may involve the following activities science of the problem, gathering of facts, analyzing gathered data, evaluation of other possibilities, and, last but not least, drawing logical conclusions (Thomson, 2002, p. 2). According to Thomson, there are at least three major aspects involved in critical thinking. First, to think critically means analyze the kind of reasoning one submits.In this process, one is enjoined to pick out those features of language which tell us that reasoning is taking place (Thomson , 2002, p. 5). It mustiness be remembered that reasoning is done on a daily basis. Which is why, one needs to discern the nature of reasoning one encounters whether it is descriptive, analytic, or in many cases, argumentative. The second aspect is the assessment or evaluation of the correctness of the reasoning. Assessment is quite important in the critical thinking process since it entails reviewing all the facts being presented as bases for arguments.Assessment, says one have got on learning, is a process of reasoning from evidence (Pellegrino, et. al. , 2001, p. 42). Too often, ones reasoning becomes correct or not based on the way one assumes judgments over facts. It is therefore important to get into what the facts tell. later on all, facts dont lie and for one to use them as vital for critical thinking, facts are must observed well, interpreted reasonably and mute correctly (Pellegrino, et. al, 2001, p. 44). The third aspect is about drawing conclusions logical conclusio ns that is.Usually, any kind of reasoning will have both premises and conclusions. Ones tax is to see the coherence of the premises (gathered from facts or observations) with the conclusions (usually comes as judgments or decisions being do over something) being forwarded. Critical thinking has to end up making a kind of judgment later all things are considered. But at the end of this process, one must always remember that the repercussions of ones judgment shall measure the step of critical thinking one has engaged in before making decision.The fruit, they often say, does not fall far from the tree. By Way of termination Exercising Critical Thinking in Life The profession that I have requires a lot of critical thinking as well. being assigned as a security manager for a excuse contracting company, I am tasked to oversee the performance of at least five to seven persons under my care. I realized that handling people is not like sitting on some paper works or transcripts. To m anage people means to give an ear to many of their reports and assessments.Since as persons, they are entitled to act on their particular judgments, it is my task to be critical about what they tell me. Too often, I see myself evaluating if a person has to be fired from his or her post aft(prenominal) committing estimable errors in the field. Yet there are instances too when I would find sufficient reasons to give an erring employee another chance depending on circumstances that defined the moment. Either way, I am required to be very careful about the situation, and exercise critical thinking for that matter.My experiences made me realize that critical thinking has two important benefits. First, it reduces the possibility of errors. Since my subscriber line involves a lot of decision making not only about the nature of jobs that need to be done, but also the way my people should do them, I have to avoid as many mistakes as possible. A mistake of firing an employee for instance m ay have serious repercussions not only for the company for also for the family of the employee I fire.Critical thinking and all the processes that it entails recognition, assessment or evaluation of facts, and drawing logical conclusions helps me a lot in minimizing the possibility of committing a very bad decision. Second, I came to appreciate critical thinking as a good way to make my decisions logical and objective. Many times, I am faced with decisions over people. As much as I want to be very objective about them, I am also faced with the fact that I can operate based on my personal biases about people.Critical thinking enables me to dwell on the facts, and base my decisions not so much on the basis of personalities, but on account of results or issues. Works Cited Brookfield, S. (1986). Understanding and Facilitating Adult Learning. California Jossey-Bass. Pellegrino, J, Chudowsky, N. & Glaser, R. (2001). Knowing What Students Know. Washington, DC National Academy. Thomso n, A. (2002). Critical Reasoning. A Practical Introduction. New York 2002.

Process Design & Analysis

A puzzle out(p) whoremaster be defined as a collection of equipment, arrangings, people, and systems utilise unitedly to raise the w atomic subdue 18s/ go bads mandatory. A revision scheme in an organizations approach is to trans condition resources into goods and portions. The introduction of the cast at strategy is to make believe out a suffice that meets node requirements and result specifications inside speak to and another(prenominal)(a) passenger carial constraint. The survive on selected pass on keep up a long term force on ability and waxyness of toil, as puff up as on speak to and type of goods produced. t herefrom untold(prenominal) of the companys operations strategy is provided at the metre of bear upon finale.Within a given facility, some(prenominal) strategies may be utilise. These strategies ar often layerified as Fig. 1 surgical operation-Foc utilise Repetitive-Foc utilise yield c formerlyntrate emergence-Fo c physical exercised Strategy The characteristics facilities ar organized by summons, similar puzzle outes be together ( subject distributively(prenominal) drill presses argon together), first book of account, juicy kind overlaps, chaotic endure. Products get hitched with many an(prenominal) distinct paths. Other names for regale cogitate strategy be intermittent bear upon or Job shop. process-Foc utilize Strategy characters Machine Shop, Hospital, and Bank. Custom Wood weeing shop avails 1.Greater product flexibility 2. More general purpose equipment 3. down in the mouther initial capital coronation Dis rewards 1. High variable embodys 2. More grittyly trained effect 3. More nasty work planning &038 correspond 4. humiliated equipment work (5% to 25%) Repetitive Foc employ Strategy Characteristics Facilities often organized by assembly bank notes, Characterized by modules, Parts &038 assemblies ar made previously Modules atomic add up 18 combine d for many issue options. Other names atomic physique 18 crowd line, Production line E. g. auto-manufacturing, soulfulnessal computers, ho part-hold appliances, and so forth Assembly line exampleProduct contracted strategy Characteristics Facilities argon organized by product which require High volume and low transmutation Conversion or further covering of undifferentiated seculars much(prenominal) as petroleum, chemicals, or beer Follows a pre indomitable season of step, but feed in is continuous rather than separate highly modelized. Also known as line menstruation end product or continuous action. Examples admit paper making, light bulbs, soft drinks, etc. Advantages 1. Lower proceeds woo per unit 2. Lower but much specialized labour skills 3. Easier end product planning and control 4.Higher equipment practice session (70% to 90%) Disadvantages 1. Lower product flexibility 2. More specialized equipment Types of extend system Continuous meld It is char acterized by a shootlined flow of products in the operating system. The Conversion treat begins with input of raw textile at iodin end, progresses with the system in an rewritely room to fin of on the whole eony last(predicate)y become finished goods at the final acquaint. Production forge is sequential and the required resources are organized in stages. Examples are several chemical branching industries much(prenominal) as manufacture of Petrochemicals, steel, pharmaceutical, cement and glass.It ia withal used in a distinguishable manufacturing industry high volume production of very few varieties (such as electrical bulbs or arc plugs) Intermittent flow It is characterized by mid-volume, mid-variety products/ serve ups. It attachs the flow heterogeneousities. The flow and capacity match are difficult but all important(predicate) in intermittent theatrical role of flow system. cover industries use batch production method actings while discrete industries use alternative methods of send offing layout issues. The capacity estimation is hard and production planning &038 control is complex.Process invention for intermittent flow in Discreet Manufacturing Jumbled Flow System It occurs on account of non-standard and complex flow patterns characteristic in certain systems. Items are highly customized here and node orders for one or a few products. Operational complexity arising out of jumbled flow is high. Discrete manufacturing with Jumbled flow uses a Job Shop structure Examples are turnkey project executor such as BHEL or L&038T, customized manufacturing systems such as PCB fabricators, sheet twainoy fabricators, tool room operators and printing and publishing.Process flow in think over shops Complex issue is capacity anxiety of jumbled flows 1. Considerable cadence is lost due to reiterate conformup of forgees 2. Due to jumbled flow, crisscrossing of jobs in the system results in poor visibility. 3. Problems are often hidden and build up of work in movement inventory forces role 4. damage accounting and estimation systems are crucial as there is a constant need to quote for specific guest orders Process compendium and design Organizations waste realized that the set- guts step in achieving advantage is to analyse and define their operations mathematical operationes.An operations march is a set of related activities that combine to deliver something of care for to a customer or to the organization. in that respect are a play of methods of analysing dish designs. Some of them that are discussed here are Flow diagrams, magazine-Process-Function mathematical athleticsction, appreciate stream actping, surgical operation maps and member blue printing. Process flow chart A plow flow chart is an instrument that visualises and analyses the non-homogeneous systems and procedures (e. g. saving of wait ons, ratiocination-making, funds allocation, accountingand monitoring) within an o rganisation. What notify you do with it?The flow chart analysis eases to identify the bottlenecks in the different processes within the organisation. It identifies unnecessary involvement of people, loopholes in decision making or unnecessary delays in the process. It assists to make the organisation to a greater extent efficient in its operations. The process flow chart helps to design youthful processes for the primary process, patronage processes and supervisory processes, and helps to analyse the bottlenecks in existing procedures. It is very helpful to help cut officipants hear the interrelation of the work activities and to realise how the work of one mortal influences the others.Steps in making a process flow chart 0. Formulate the (sub-) question that you want to answer by making a process flowchart. Aims for which a process flow chart is suitable are ? ? ? To decide how to optimise core processes (operational planning and strategic decision making) To arise strateg ic choices, identifying strengths and weaknesses (step to strategic decision making) To judge organisation suitability and effect (to make funding and programme positioning decisions) 0. Define the field of analysis. solve whether you depict ? ? ? ? ?Current practice (daily practice the in statuesque reality) Current design (how it should happen according to the books) Redesign (establishing the desired process) Clearly distinguish sure practice from current design and/or plan Analyse the design (and even current design) only after the current practice 1. admit the process. ? ? ? ? Which process are you going to analyse? Unique or standard Define the functioning point Specify the outcome/result of the process 2. place the process as renderd beneath, using the charged symbolism ? ? ?State the start and end point (outcome/result) Divide the process in 5-10 activities of the equivalent weigh of analysis. If you have more than 10 step Cluster them or reconcile more than one flow chart Identify decision moments. Describe these decision moments inyes/no questions. Check that both the Yes-side and the No-side have a follow-up employment (arrow that leads somewhere), ifthat is reality. For example Proposal approved? Yes Proceed + bear down confirmation to guest No File the proposal + Inform client with reasons ? Identify the responsible person/unit for distributively activity (this may non be the same as the implementing person). both activities/decision moments that follow the symbol are the responsibility of the person/unit indicated. Therefore, if the responsible person/unit stays the same, you need not repeat the in-charge. ? Identify the learning coming into the process and all data going out of the process. The arrows of the connecting lines indicate whether the entropy is going in or out ? Connect the symbols with arrows that indicate the flow of the process. Include loops to show that an earlier activity should be repeated 3. Add key information and write it following(a) to the activities/decisions or arrows ? ? book The amount of the product or helper you process in a certain period of clock measure. This indicates the magnitude of the subject Time/ salute The median(a) or annual clock eon/ equal (expenditure) involve in apiece activity (write next to step). This indicates the organisation efficiency Duration The (average) condemnation that passes mingled with two steps (write next to arrow). This indicates the responsiveness to clients 4. Identify possible bottlenecks. beg questions like ? ? ? why does the activity/decision take place? why does the activity/decision take place at this point in the sequence?Why does the activity/decision (or the condemnation betwixt them) take the snip it takes? ? ? ? ? ? (Why) is the activity/decision difficult to carry out? Why is this person responsible for this activity/decision? Who co-ordinates and supervises at different moments? What is the effect of ou tdoor(a) (information, input, and esteems) dependencies? What are the risks (what suffer go wrong) in the activity/decision? 5. Assess options for break dancements. Check apiece option considering ? ? ? ? Can you leave out activities, decision points or information? Can you combine/change activities, decision points or information?Can you simplify activities, decision points or information? Can you change the responsible person? 6. Evaluate approachs, considering whether the options result in ? ? ? ? ? Less labor ( go against methods, upgraded staff, better means and inputs) needed Less time (better sequence or screening, less rejection) needed Better quality service/product (better guidelines, control) Less resources (optimising expenses and quality) needed Better working conditions (more safety, fulfilment, less stress) 7. get conclusions, in relation to your (sub-) question. issue strengths and weaknesses (judged from the point of great deal of your question) on car park and red cards respectively. Figure beneath shows a process flow chart for electrical fittings manufacturing. Time based process mapping (TBPM) Process mapping allows the designation of telephone circuit processes, organisational roles and financial accountabilities, and how these inter-relate amongst functions, with a view to their subsequent re-engineering and improvement. However, conventional process mapping techniques do not center on on the important metric of time.Time Based Process procedure is a tool for visually representing and analysing the key interconnecting processes which collectively constitute the publish and manufacturing chain in relation to the consumption of time. It must be emphatic that TBPM is quite different from the traditional Time and Motion studies as practised by generations of industrial Engineers. TBPM concentrates on the move of progression of specific components through the production cycle, whilst time and dubiousness studies are only c oncerned with the labour product and utilisation rates of employees.Time Based Competition Time-based companies tame cost indirectly through compressing time. When a company attacks time directly, the prototypical eudaimonias to show up are usually shorter cycle time and speedy inventory turns. So when a company goes after time reduction in the right focus, it tends to get both time and cost out. The eradicate is not always so. Successful companies have shifted the focus of their source of manufacturing grapple over the past few decades. Time Based Competitive Advantage The increase emphasis over the past few years on, the erect Winning Criteria of delivery time to a lower placesurface be considered to be a new hawkish paradigm.The subject of ever gelding product lifecycles and fast market obsolescence has acquire considerable academic worry and a wealthiness of literature has been published. The compression of time provides organisations with a distinct competitiv e cost advantage. Companies discover that costs do not increase when lead multiplication are reduced they decline. Costs do not increase with great investment in quality-they decrease and also costs do not go up as product variety increases and response propagation reduce they go down.Key features of organisations that compress time are that they place high emphasis on customer focus, responsiveness, R&038D and innovation. Objectives of TBPM The cardinal main objectives of TBPM are to i) ii) iii) Fully define and simplify the production route, crush the production cycle time, and cast down the non value adding activities &038 Increase the value adding proportions of the process. What info is necessary? Key questions that need to be asked to gather the required information are i) ii) iii) iv) v) vi) vii) What is the process?Where does it start and finish? How long does it demonstrablely take from the first input to the last output? Does the process require a decision, how long does it take? How long should it take? How much time is fagged on queuing prior to organism processed? How much time is dog-tired on rework? The figure below shows the service muster in for overnight Hotel stopover attend to Process Charts The charting of work flows, working processes, systems and procedures is a reusable way of recording the essential features of a work situation for subsequent analysis.Process Charts are one of the simpler forms of workflow charting and are still in regular usage but are less roughhewn than they once were. A variety of process charts have been designed to meet the require of a particular aim or stage of analysis they croupe be used at a detailed train (recording activity at a specific work station or workplace), but also at the wider system, process or procedure level. The different kinds of process chart share a common core set of symbols, though some have extra symbols for specific and specialised process steps. The common symb ols (of hich there are only five) were first promulgated by the American Society of Mechanical Engineers and have become known as the ASME symbols. summons a main step, where the part, poppycock or product is usually special or changed INSPECTION indicates a check for quality or quantity TRANSPORT the movement of workers, materials or equipment STORAGE controlled storage in which material is received into or issued from a store, or an item is reference purposes block or TEMPORARY STORAGE indicates a delay in the process, or an object laid excursion until requiredThese symbols are simply conjugate together in a vertical chart representing the key stages in a process it is usual to place a commentary in an adjoining column recording contextual/environmental information. e. g. against a sway symbol would be recorded, start of journey, end of journey, distance and mode of transport. The simplest form of process chart is known as an outline process chart and records an overview or outline of a process. but those steps of a process that can be represented by the ASME symbols of operation and inspection are recorded.An outline process chart is often a useful first step to identify key areas of concern before recording (part of) the process in more detail. In a full process chart, where all symbols are used, it is common to chart the process from the viewpoint of the material macrocosm processed, the worker carrying out the work or, less commonly, a piece of equipment. Thus, the same symbols can be used in different ways. As a simple example, a piece of equipment can be represented on an equipment-type flow process chart as a delay because it is not in use while a material-type flow process chart of he same process would show the material cosmos transported to the next work station, and a man-type chart could show the operator involved in another operation on another simple machine. The chart to be used may be look outd by the purpose of the investigation or by the relative costs involved in the process a highly capital-intensive process may focus more attention on the equipment being used. Process charts may also be used at a more micro level of analysis. An example is the two- achieveed process chart which records the motions performed by both hands during a task.The sequence of motion of apiece hand is charted using the same symbols as before. There are slight changes to the meaning of the symbols, however. The delay symbol is used to indicate that the hand is postponement to carry out its next task. The storage symbol is used to indicate that the hand is holding on to a piece of material or a document. Two-handed process charts are usually cadaverous on a pre-formatted diagram. Their use has generally been superseded by the analyses involved in the use of low level pre-determined motion time systems. The figure below shows the process chart for Requisition of Petty Cash entertain teem Mapping Value Stream Mapping is a method of creating a One page picture of all the processes that occur in a company, from the time a customer places an order for a product, until the customer has received that product in their facility. The goal is to depict material and information flows across and throughout all Value-Adding Processes required to produce and ship the product to the customer. Value Stream Maps document all of the processes used to produce and ship a product, both Value-Adding and Non-Value-Adding (Waste) processes.Why Value Stream Map? During the team world of a Value Stream Mapping, business and manufacturing waste that occur in the processes can be easily identified. Once the Current State Value Stream Mapping is created, it becomes the baseline for improvement and for the creation of a forthcoming State Value Stream Mapping. The FSVSM can then(prenominal) be used as a World Class Manufacturing implementation road map. The steps to implement value stream mapping are Step 1 break down the produc t or service to be analyzed.Step 2 Author a value stream map that depicts the process steps, information flows, and timelines that are required to create the product or service being analyzed. The mapping can either be a design, production, or service flow and may use standardized value mapping process symbols. Step 3 Examine the process streams on the value stream map to determine if there are any redundancies or un scotch steps and mark them for modification or deletion. Step 4 Redraw the mapping as a future state value stream map with the wasteful steps removed.Step 5 Implement process changes in the organization to work towards the new value stream mapping. The figure below shows value stream map of a typical manufacturing firm armed service Blue Printing The service blueprint is a technique used for service innovation. The blueprint shows processes within the company, divided up into different components which are garbled by lines. emolument blueprints are maps or pict ures that precisely portray how a service process is built up. It is used to provide someones, which are involved in the process, help to understand and to deal sober with certain circumstances.Blueprints are especially useful, when it comes to developing and designing new function. It visualizes the service simultaneously depict the visible components of the service, the roles of employees and customers, the intersections of customer get hold of, and the process of service delivery. The blueprint provides a way to divide a service into logical components and to picture the tasks or steps in the process, the guideline how customer experience a service, and the instruments by which the tasks are litigateed. Blueprinting is already used in different techniques and fields, including computer systems analysis.The service blueprint consists of 5 components 1. guest Actions 2. Onstage / Visible get together Employee Actions 3. Backstage / inconspicuous Contact Employee Actions 4. Support Processes 5. Physical Evidence 1. guest Actions This component contains all of the steps that customers take as part of the service delivery process. This element is always on top of the service blueprint. 2. Onstage / Visible Contact Employee Actions This element is separated from the customer follow outs by a line of fundamental fundamental interaction. These actions are face-to-face actions amongst employees and customers. . Backstage / Invisible Contact Employee Actions The line of visibility separates the Onstage from the Backstage actions. Everything that appears above the line of visibility can be seen by the customers, while everything under the line of visibility is lightless for the customers. A very good example of an action in this element, is a telephone call these is an action between an employee and a customer, but they fathert see each other. 4. Support Processes The internal line of interaction separates the reach employees from the arrest processes. These are all the activities carried out by individuals and units within the company who are not contact employees. These activities need to happen in order for the service to be delivered. 5. Physical Evidence For each customer action, and every moment of truth, the physical evidence that customers come in contact with is described at the very top of the service blueprint. These are all the tangibles that customers are exposed to that can influence their quality perceptions. Building a blueprint The process of structuring a blueprint involves six steps 1. The identification of the service process, that is supposed to be blueprinted 2.The identification of the customer segment or the customers that are suppose to experience the service 3. Picturing the service from the customers perspective 4. Picturing the actions of the contact employee (onstage and backstage), and/or technology actions 5. Linking the contact activities to the needed support functions 6. Adding the evidence of ser vice for every customer action step The figure below shows the service blueprint for Overnight Hotel Stay usefulness service processes What is a good? A gain is the value provided to the customer through a set of interactions and impacts on the input from the customer.The service process is implemented and executed by the service provider. The input to the service process from the customer may be in form of information, dimension or even the person of the customer itself. The service and service process are designed to reach a goal which has been defined by the stakeholders, especially the customer and the service provider. The service, its goal, the service process, the customer, the service provider and the resources are embedded into an environment which is source of legal compliance requirements etc. All together they constitute a service system. improvement processes and their properties There are a number of crucial struggles between service and business processes. 1. Th ere are intense interactions with the customer For example, it may be necessary that the customer provides some information to allow the further proceeding of the process. It is important to underscore that a service process must describe the interaction between customer and service provider. 2. supporter processes differentiate two areas, front stage and back stage. The front stage contains the activities of the customer and the service providers activities that are visible to the customer.The back stage contains the activities not visible to the customer. 3. Service processes need to represent the handover of resources and information from the customer to the service provider and the reappearance vice versa. Furthermore, service processes are often cross-organizational. A top-level service process that is responsible for providing the service to the customer coordinates a number of sub processes. Fig. 2 Product Process design (top) v/s Service Process Design (bottom) Character istics of services ? work are tangible ?Service output is variable ? work have higher customer contact ? Services are perishable ? Services are inseparable from delivery ? Services tend to be decentralized and dispersed ? Services are consumed more often than products ? Services can be easily emulated Many services come as part of a larger package of bundle up of things. The service-product bundle consists of 1) The physical goods or facilitating goods, 2) The tangible service provided or graphic service, and 3) The psychological service or implicit service For example, at a winter ski resort. The facilitating goods are the chair lifts, buildings and mountain itself at the resort. ? The stated service is primarily the skiing experience, but you also have the interaction with employees and the visual experience in the shops and sleeping quarters. ? The implicit service pertains to the fun generated, the sense of security you have and the excitement of the skiing. It is important to pay attention to all these experiences. Service recovery is the ability to quickly compensate for the stroke of service delivery and respireore, if possible, the service required by the customer.Obviously, service calamity should be held to a minimum, but the recovery can also mean the difference between success and failure of the company service Guarantees help the company in clearly specify the process of service delivery and specify the extent of service recovery, if needed. Thus a process can be designed to provide consistent service. Service Process Design Service process design refers to the arrangement of service facilities where the service is provided and the processes through which the service operations are structured and delivered.Lovelock setified service process by the extent of beg fluctuations and the extent to which supply capacity is constrained. When demand is highly fluctuated and peak demand regularly exceeds capacity, managers must consider neutering either demand pattern or supply capacity so that service can be delivered without incurring long customer waiting time. In case demand pattern cannot be altered, managers could consider operations-oriented strategies to control the level of service supply, such as scheduling parttime workers and cross training service personnel.The way in which the service process is designed determines, to a large extent, the wait that customers experience. Any reductions in customer waiting time by better management of process design can sure help lower both customer dissatisfaction and defection. Often, managers have a number of alternatives to choose from when shaping the design of their service delivery process. Fig. 3 Service Design Process The Service Matrix As the popularity of Service schooling grows, the need to have a common language for discussion is critical. before long there are a tremendous amount of resources on Service Learning, but often these resources are complex and abstract , leading to difficulties in describing and defining quality service learning experiences. In order to address this problem, The Service Matrix was created. The Service Matrix was designed to darn individual contributions to a particular service effort but is not intended to plot an entire service effort. With these parameters in header, the X axis measures the value of a service effort to the community, while the Y axis measures he semi conventional learning that occurred during the service effort. These axes intersect and provide the mannikin for the four quadrants of The Service Matrix. The following examples scoop out describes these four quadrants of The Service Matrix. Quadrant One underlying Volunteerism (Lower buckram Learning, Lower Value to the Community) Anthony attends a fall drive and gives a pint of bloodline. This example is considered basic volunteerism because Anthony learned very little (lower formal learning) and the individual pint of blood is small whe n compared to the overall need for blood in the community (lower value).Quadrant Two Community Service (Lower pro forma Learning, Higher Value to the Community) In this example, Chloe brings 10 of her friends to the blood drive. Although, Chloes formal learning has not increased (Lower orchis Learning) with this example, due to her efforts she has now increased her value to the community (Higher Value to the Community) by meeting the need with greater impact. Chloes contribution is considered community service however, her friends remain in the basic volunteerism quadrant.Quadrant Three Community-Based Learning (Higher Formal Learning, Lower Value to the Community) Carlos is a high school senior enrolled in a Certified care for Assistance (CNA) class. As part of his coursework, he is assign to attend a blood drive and observe nurses drawing blood. As a result, Carlos precept firsthand how his course work applied to real life situations (Higher Formal Learning), although his ind ividual contribution to the community was insignificant (Lower Value to the Community) because there was no service performed on his behalf.Quadrant Four Service Learning (Higher Formal Learning, Higher Value to the Community) Pauline is in a marketing class at her high school. After learning basic marketing principles, her engagement is to apply her knowledge in a way that would benefit the community. Pauline reads in the local paper that there is a need for blood in the local blood banks and hospitals. Responding to this need and using her marketing knowledge, Pauline organizes a blood drive at her high school. Putting theories into ractice, Pauline was able to internalize and reinforce her marketing knowledge (Higher Formal Learning). At the same time, because of Paulines efforts, 100 pints of blood were collected. (Higher Value to the Community) Objectives 1. By using The Service Matrix, individuals allow gain a clear framework for understanding the different levels of service , including service learning. 2. Individuals using The Service Matrix as a theoriseion tool give be able to measure the quality and impact of their individual contribution(s) to a particular service effort.Customer Waiting Time The total elapsed time between matter of a customer order and satisfaction of that order. Ideally, CWT will overwhelm all customer orders, regardless of commodity or source, immediate issues, and backorders (and) include issues from wholesale and retail stocks as well as several(a) other arrangements. Consumers right away are more constrained by time than ever before. In an intensely competitive world the pressure, expectation and need to accomplish more in less time is unlikely to diminish.Service providers understand the premium that consumers place on time they view as witless while waiting for the delivery of services. A customer waiting in line for service is potentially a lost customer. As such, managers of service operations constantly strive t o shorten customer waiting time during service delivery. Firms across a variety of industries have introduced numerous peripheral device service elements to the service package experience of their customers, in an attempt to shorten customer waiting times.Such efforts are best illustrated by retail stores that have check-out registers which automatically print the involvement, amount and name of payee on the cheques customers use when making payment. More recently, new technology offers even more opportunities to improve service process and thus customer service in various industries. For instance, the practice of e-ticketing in the airline business has definitely made a huge impact on ticket purchasing as well as airport check-in processes.productiveness Productivity is the ratio of outputs (goods and services) divided by the inputs (resources such as labor and capital). It differs from Production in that production is a measure of the output and not the efficiency. Productivity = Units produced / Input used ? Measure of process improvement ? Represents output relative to input ? Only through productivity increases can our standard of living improve Example Improving Productivity at Starbucks A team of 10 analysts continually look for ways to shave time. Some improvements 1.Stop requiring sig dispositions on recognition card purchases under $25- Saved 8 seconds per transaction 2. Change the surface of the ice scoop- Saved 14 seconds per drink 3. New espresso machines- Saved 12 seconds per shot Operations improvements have helped Starbucks increase yearly revenue per offspring by $200,000 to $940,000 in six years. Productivity has improved by 27%, or about 4. 5% per year. Multi-Factor Productivity Productivity = Output / prod + Material + Energy + Capital + Miscellaneous ? Also known as total factor productivity ?Output and inputs are often expressed in dollars Labor Productivity Productivity = Units Produced / Labour hours used Service Productivity ? T ypically labor intensive ? Frequently pore on unique individual attributes or desires ? Often an intellectual task performed by professionals ? Often difficult to mechanize ? Often difficult to evaluate for quality impart metre score Measurement refers to determining the output in quantitative terms. It implies measuring the volume of work completed and the time exhausted in completing it.It involves the study of the time required for performing each element of an voice operation. Thus, work measure includes the analysis of each operation, identifying its elements of separate and measuring the time interpreted by an employee in performing each element of the operation. This technique used for work measurement is known as Time test. Besides determining the actual time taken in performing any operation, time study also enables time standards to be set for performing the operation. Although the main objective of office work measurement is to aid management n planning and contro lling office operations, yet some of the other objectives of work measurement are a) set the number of employees in each department b) Determine the standard work-load for each employee c ) Measure the performance of individual employees d) Help decide get methods of motivation e) Simplify work systems f) Increase individual efficiency g) Reduce the cost of office services Steps in wrick Measurement The following steps should be taken by the office manager before work measurement is undertaken in an office a) Planning b) Work improvement c) Standardisation of office work measurement and standardisation of activities d) inclination of tasks to be measured e ) Defining unit of measurement and methods of measurement f) Securing subordinates willing co-operation g) Executing the programme. vQuick Check Mark True or sham 1. One of the objectives of work measurement is to evaluate the year-on-year output produced. (ANSF) 2. Labour Productivity is defined as Output per unit of Labour. (ANSF) 3.Service Productivity is difficult to mechanise and evaluate. (ANST) 4. Simplifying work systems is an objective of work measurement. (ANST) Importance of Office Work Measurement 1. Planning and Scheduling Work 2. Appraisal of Employee Performance 3. thought of Manpower Requirement 4. Cost Calculations 5. Improved employee motivation and morale Techniques of Work Measurement in Office 1. Past Performance Basis 2. Time landing field 3. Work Sampling Time Study Time Study is the most widely used and best known technique of work measurement. Time study method helps in setting time standards for work. This method is also known as a stop watch study method to measure work.Time study or stop watch study is the process of recording and analysing systematically the time required to perform office operations by an average employee working at average speed under standard conditions, using standard methods. Essential requirements for time study are 1. Skilled analyst 2. Standardisat ion of work methods 3. Standard conditions under which work has to be performed 4. Selection of well-trained employees who are acquainted with the purpose of the study 5. determine the duration of the study The following steps are to be taken for conducting a time study programme i) Identify the job to be studied and break down the relevant tasks into basic elements. For example, the task of trip opening nvolves five elements, that is, picking up envelope, cutting the edge of envelope, removing the content of the envelope, connecting the cover with papers contained in the envelope and placing the letter in the tray. ii) Determine the number of work cycles to be observed and design the time date sheet for recording time elements for each time cycle. iii) Record the time taken for each element of the work process on the designed time date sheet. A stop-watch is generally used for determining the time taken. This process has to be repeated as per (ii). iv) Calculate the average time for each element from the work cycle readings (iii). v) Add allowances for delays, fatigue, etc. i) On the basis of above steps (iv&038 v) work standards can be determined and report drafted/ This method is simple and can be adopted without much additional cost. But the data collected are subject to the nature of conditions and the competence of employees hence, the standards set so may not be much reliable. However, scope of improvement in this method is not ruled out. thickset A process strategy is used by organizations to build a production process that meets customer requirements and adheres to product specifications within cost and other constraints. An efficient process strategy helps the organization to develop a competitive advantage over other organizations.Various process strategies can be classified under one of the four broad process strategies that is to say process focus, repetitive focus, product focus and mass customization. The choice of process strategy depends u pon the type of product to be produced. In order to determine which process is most suited to transform resources into goods and services, operations managers compare various aspects of the process such as maximization of customer value, competitive advantage etc. There are a number of tools which can be used to understand the complexities of process design and redesign. Some of these tools are flow diagrams, time-process-function mapping, value-stream mapping, process charts and service blueprinting.Each of these five process analysis tools has its strengths and variations. Service processes, unlike production processes, are heavily dependent on customer interaction and customization according to customer needs. Although customer interaction often affects process performance adversely, it cant be done away with in case of service processes. The effectiveness of a service process depends upon the level to which the manager can accommodate the special requirements of a customer. Serv ice processes having high labour intensity can be improved by way on human resources whereas services involving low labour intensity benefit from innovations in process technology and scheduling.Equipment and technology are other important factors that need to be considered during process design or redesign. These decisions can be complex because of availability of large amount of alternatives in both production and service processes. Some of the production technologies that are widely used today are machine technology, automatic identification systems (AISs), process control, vision systems, robots, change storage and retrieval systems (ASRSs), automated guided vehicles (AGVs), flexible manufacturing systems (FMSs) and computer merged manufacturing (CIMs). The choice of technology depends upon the type of product and the budget constraints. Technology promotional material has taken place in service design as well.Industries such as hospitality, airlines and even food &038 bevera ges have seen a rapid change in technology which has resulted in more efficient and therefore better quality of services. Consumer demands are dynamic and therefore keep changing with time. Consequently, business processes also need to be redesigned from time to time in order to cope up with changing demands. Effective redesign depends upon questioning both purpose and underlying assumptions of a process and addressing the issues. Process redesign can also address issues of expanding a business, improving the quality or efficiency of a process, or adding variety to the type of products manufactured.Redesigning of a process casts aside all notions of how a process is currently being done and focuses on improvements in customer value, cost, and time. Another important aspect of process design which has caught attention is the ethics and environmental friendliness of a process. As businesses are becoming more and more socially responsible, ethical and environment matey processes are t he need of the hour. Some of these actions are legally required, such as pollution control, while others are done by businesses as part of their corporate responsibility towards society. In future, the main focus of businesses will be to make their processes socially responsible, i. . helping in the welfare of the society along with making profits for the business. Short-Answer Questions 1) What is a process strategy? Why is it useful for an organization? 2) Name different kinds of process strategies. Write short notes on each explaining the types of products for which they can be used. 3) Mention three differences between product focused and process focused strategies. 4) What are the factors that need to be considered while analyzing and designing processes? 5) How is time-function mapping different from value-stream mapping? 6) before long explain the difference between production process design and service process design. ) Write short notes on Flexible Manufacturing Systems an d Computer- merged Manufacturing Systems. Point out the difference between them. 8) Give two examples of technology improvements in service sector. 9) What is process redesign? When is it required in an organization? 10) Demonstrate the importance of ethical and environmental factors to businesses with at least two examples. Long-Answer Questions 1) Briefly describe mass customization process indicating the instances where it can be used. What are the requirements to make mass customization work in an organization? 2) Describe an instance where product focus can be used. Draw flow diagram for the example given. ) What are crossover charts? Briefly explain how they can be used to compare various process strategies. 4) Write brief notes on a) Flow Diagrams. b) Time-Function Mapping. c) Value-Stream Mapping. d) Process charts. e) Service Blueprinting. 5) What are different production technology tools available to businesses today? Write a short note on each of them. Also, give examples of products where each of the production technology tools can be used. bigeminal choice Questions 1) Process focused strategy is used for a Low volume, low variety products b Low volume, high variety products c High volume, low variety products d High volume, high variety products ) Product focused strategy is used for a Low volume, low variety products b Low volume, high variety products c High volume, low variety products d High volume, high variety products 3) Mass customization strategy is used for a Low volume, low variety products b Low volume, high variety products c High volume, low variety products d High volume, high variety products 4) Crossover charts are used for a Comparison of process choices b Design of process choices c Both comparison and design of process choices d None of the above 5) Which among these is not a focus point while designing process strategies? a Customers Products c Suppliers d Technology 6) Product focussed facility is a a Low resolved cost an d low variable cost facility b Low fixed cost while high variable cost facility c High fixed cost while low variable cost facility d High fixed cost and high variable cost facility 7) Which of these is not a process analysis and design tool? a Time-function mapping b Human-resource mapping c Vale-stream mapping d Service Blueprinting 8) Which of the following is not a production technology area? a Automatic Identification Systems b Flexible Management Systems c Layout Management Systems d Computer coordinated Manufacturing 9) Service Blueprinting focuses on a Time taken to complete individual processes b The processes which result in adding value to the product c Customer and the providers interaction with the customer d Symbols which are used to differentiate between activities 10) Which among these is not a process strategy? Product focus b Process focus cMass customization dProcess control 11) The decision to be kept in mind while analyzing and designing processes are a whether the process minimizes total cost b whether the process saves time cwhether the process adds value as perceived by the customer dAll of the above 12) Equipment employ in case of a process-focused facility is in the range of a 5%-25% b 25%-45% c 50%-70% d 75%-95% Numerical-Problems 1) XYZ ltd. has 3 alternatives to produce 30000 units of a certain product X. The total fixed and variable costs related to each alternative are mentioned in the table below Alternative 1 Total Fixed Cost Total variable Cost/ Unit 40000 18 Alternative 2 90000 16 Alternative 3 130000 15 On the basis of the data given above, answer the following questions a) Draw a cross-over chart reflecting each alternative. ) Which alternative is best for producing product X? c) Which alternative will be the best one if the units to be manufactured are 45000? d) Determine the economic volume for each process. 2) An automobile readying garage has an average of 30 cars bend in for maintenance every day. The annual fixed costs of repair &038 maintenance is Rs 730,000 and variable cost of maintenance per car is Rs 50. A new technology has come up in the market which will reduce the variable cost per car to Rs 40 but will increase the annual fixed costs to Rs 109500. Is it advisable for the owner of the garage to tilt to new technology? Assume negligible installation costs and 365 long time in a year. ) Clean-tech washing machine manufacturers have four options to produce their washing machines. The costs involved in each process have been tabulated below Process Control Annual Fixed Costs 150000 guide Material/Unit Direct Labour/Unit Power write off/Unit 32 56 34 51 28 49 27 47 34 Robots 180000 33 FMS 200000 35 CIM 220000 34 The number of units manufactured annually is 4500. Answer the questions below a) Draw crossover chart reflecting each process and find out the indifference points. b) Which alternative is best for producing the washing machines? c) If the number of washing machines manufactur ed annually changes to 8000, which one would be the best alternative? ) Draw flow diagrams for a) An iPod b) A Mercedes-Benz c) Johnny-walker scotch whiskey 5) make up process charts, time-function maps and service blueprints for the processes mentioned in Q-4. Case Studies Case Study 1 Simulation simulate for manufacturing of study Boeing components using FMS, MCM and AGVs Every Boeing commercialized airplane is customized for a specific customer. Manufacturing processes of some major components are preferable to follow the FMS concepts in a customized manufacturing environment. In the case study that follows, a wing assembly process is examined by means of discrete poser modelling. There are more than thirty complex processes applied to more than fifteen machine classes.Most processes require a different number of labour entities from various labour classes. The overall pace of the whole system (i. e. , the system take time) is desired to be a variable that impacts the proc ess time of all related processes, as well as the number of assigned labourers. A modular approach to MCM system design will not only benefit the overall performance of a flexible MCM system, but will also enhance pretension-modelling exercises. Discrete event theoretical account technology employs the same platform concept as in modelling highly flexible and rapid reconfigurable production lines. Such modelling methods reflect manufacturing processes according to the ever-changing customized demands.Many fundamental manufacturing process parameters, such as layout reconfigurations, and resource re-allocations, can be derived ahead of time from the mannequin models. A high-level process flow of the simulation model is shown below in figure 1, where source 1 generates inflowing parts according to the system take time with optional statistical distributions. Buffer S receives incoming parts via the only crane resource in the system. The part will then be lifted by the crane to the machine B where multiple processes will be performed by multiple resources. The part then continues to move from the machine B to the machine P, the end of the process line. Multiple processes are assigned throughout this line on each machine.An additional process is needed in the middle of the line where the part will be transferred to the fender A followed by a couple of external processes. Figure 1 The simulation model process technique Afterwards, buffer A receives the part and calls for the overhead crane to transfer the part back to buffer T where the part will continue through the rest of the process. At the end of the line, the part goes from the machine P to the buffer A then to the sink, which is the final destination of all parts in the simulation model. Two different part-carrying platforms are involved in the system. The high speed dolly transfers parts to and from buffer A.The low speed dolly carries one part at a time from machine B all the way to machine P. Addition al components are introduced to the system from source 2 and 3 at different stages of the process line. Figure 2 An aircraft major component assembly line simulation model Resource class types in this model consist of labour, machine, and Automatic Guided Vehicle (AGV) elements. The machine class stands alone for each machine, while the labour and AGV classes are managed by their respective controllers. Those thirty plus processes that are stand-alone objects can be assigned to multiple machines. Thus, each machine has from two to six assigned processes.Processes run at all times in an endless do-loop as part of the nature of this modelling environment. As soon as a condition is met for a process, it will execute its logic and its assigned time duration on the machine where it resides. After the last process sequence of the last machine class has been executed, the part is transferred to the sink class where it will be logically destroyed and removed from the modelling system. The a pproach of this simulation modelling successfully manages a flexible customized manufacturing system in a flexibly modulated and customized fashion. For each complicated customized scenario, it is comprehendible that traditional manual(a) modelling modification will take much longer effort than this technique.As compared to alternative approaches to this MCM application, benefit of this innovative methodology is evident in the following points Customizable Ease of deployment Scalable Additional detailed verification between simulation models and flexible MCM exercises on the shop floor remain to be fully performed once this conceptual process development turns into reality. Nevertheless, approaches and methodologies presented in this work illustrate unparalleled advantages in operating flexible and customized manufacturing systems. Authors Dr. Guixiu Qiao, Computer Scientist Manufacturing Systems integrating section National Institute of Standards and Technology 100 Bureau Dri ve, MS 8260 Gaithersburg, MD 20899-8260, USA email&160protected nist. gov email&160protected com Tel 301-975-4735 Roberto F. Lu, PE, Associate Technical faller Boeing Commercial Airplanes Manufacturing R &038D The Boeing Company PO Box 3707 harness Code 6X-TR Seattle, WA 98124-2207, USA roberto. f. email&160protected com Tel 425-234-4049 Charles McLean, Computer Scientist Manufacturing Systems Integration Division National Institute of Standards and Technology 100 Bureau Drive, MS 8260 Gaithersburg, MD 20899-8260, USA email&160protected nist. gov Tel 301-975-3511 Case Study 2 Computer Integrated Manufacturing in Small Companies Computer integrated manufacturing (CIM) technology provides companies with an excellent prospect in order to compete in the present global context. The actual situation also favours small companies in developing and implementing CIM applications, due to many concurrent factors (de Venuto et al. 1994 Gupta and Brennan, 1995) availability of low cost hardwa re and software tools, with better performance and quality, makes CIM solutions accessible even to confine budget companies technical improvement in the fields of fireworking and personal computers allows for reliable distributed information systems, providing the opportunity to use an affordable stepby-step approach while safeguarding integrity Increased awareness, at management level, of the competitive potential offered by CIM solutions actual turbulence of markets requires small companies to interminably increase performance, such as production flexibility, timely purchasing and delivery, process and product quality, in order to avoid the risk of quickly being overshadowed by more farsighted competitors. As a consequence, the introduction of CIM technologies may represent, particularly for small companies, one of the most promising strategies to acquire and entertain a competitive edge, from product development to marketing and distribution. The case study presented conce rns CIM introduction in a small company (Italpneumatica Sud) working in the area of pneumatic components with the trademark SMC (one of the leading producers in the world).Like many other small medium-sized companies, Italpneumatica Sud has to solve integration problems on a limited budget. The strategic requirements to be met are as follows emergency to attempt customer service by reducing lead times this involves timely information, dead on target delivery times and a reliable logistic system Need to guarantee product and process quality this requires accurate operations and process control to make quality certification possible (EN 29000) need to guarantee the setting up of a safe and timely corporate information system able to supply each user with online data required for operational and decision-making procedures.The main problems in this case study can be summarized as follows High throughput time Production management practically characterized by no scheduling Exces sive reliance on paper support for information exchange Low level of process control tight visibility of manufacturing process at management level Accumulation of work in process inventory at shop floor level Stock levels not optimized Actual production costs not foreseeable. Prepare a detailed Computer Integrated Manufacturing System for Italpneumatica Sud. Authors A. C. Caputo, G. Cardarelli, M. Palumbo and P. M. Pelagagge Reference Industrial Management &038 Data Systems 98/3 1998 138144 References i) Naughton, S. (2000) Understanding Service Learning.Wellesley, MA National Institute on Out-of-School Time at Wellesley College Center for Research on Women. ii) http//www. uwex. uwc. edu/service-learning/documents/ideasSheet. pdf iii) MDF. 2003. Process Flow chart. http//www. toolkitsportdevelopment. org/html/resources/2F/2FD8A4 BAA5B8-4C7C-A4A4-FC8022D81E69/14%20Process%flow%20chart. pdf. (accessed November 16 2011. ) iv) Magnier,Ph. 2003. The Lean Enterprise Value Stream Map ping. http//www. nwlean. net/ tools CD/VSM/4%20steps%20to%20VSM. pdf. (accessed November 16 2011. ) v) Clarke,D. 1997. Time Based Process Mapping, Process Capability And Business Benefits. 5th International Conference on pulverisation 2000, 2-4 April 1997, Conference Publication No. 35 vi) Institute of Management Services. 2011. Process Charts. http//www. ims productivity. com/page. cfm/content/Process-Charts/( accessed November 16 2011. ) vii) viii) ix) x) http//media. wiley. com/product_data/excerpt/48/04713472/0471347248-4. pdf http//personal. georgiasouthern. edu/gburke/6%20Process%20Strategies. pdf Hayes, Robert, and Steven C. Wheelwright. Link Manufacturing Process and Product Life Cycles. Harvard Business Review, January-February 1979, 133140 Ahmad, Sohel, and Roger G. Schroeder. Refining the Product-Process Matrix. International diary of Operations and Production Management 22, no. 1 (2002) 103124.