Parkinson’s Disease Essay -- Medicine Health Biology Research

Parkinsons DiseaseParkinsons malady is a complaint with a wide variety of disabilities perceptible as changes in appearance, posture, walking, and balance. In 1817, the English physician James Parkinson set forth these symptoms in his patients and has had his pull in become synonymous with the unsoundness. In 1893 the substantia nigra of the elemental ganglia was identified as an area of disease for Parkinsons. Examination with the naked nerve centre reveals a want of black pigment in this portion of the brainstem. posterior follow up with the microscope showed a deterioration of the nerve cells in this area. The circuitous relationship amongst the substantia nigra and the basal ganglia explains many of the symptoms of Parkinsons disease. right away the cause of the disease remains unknown, however, the biochemistry is well documented and recently discovered neurotoxins have us hot on the trail of this disease. Portions of the cerebellum are involved in the gibe of po sture and balance and also modulate free movement. The basal ganglia and the cerebellum move with the cerebral cortex through a serial publication of feedback circuits. The dentate and interpositus nuclei of the cerebellum labor to the dorsoventral lateral heart of the thalamus, which also receives projections from the globus pallidus and the substantia nigra. fresh evidence indicates, however, that none of these projections overlap in the ventral lateral nucleus. The ventral lateral nucleus projects to the primary repel and supplementary go areas of the cerebral cortex. In turn, the motor cortex and other regions of the cerebrum project to the striatum to levy the basal ganglia circuit. Moreover, the motor cortex projects to the pons to enter the cerebellar circuit, includ... ...c hope. Bibliography 1. Barbeau, Andre and Fletcher McDowell levodopa and Parkinsonism, (F.A. Davis Company, 1970) 2. Calne, Donald B., Parkinsonism Physiology, materia medica and treatment. (Ed ward Arnold Publishers LTD, 1970) 3. Langston, J. W., MPTP induced Parkinsons syndrome. Science, Vol. 219, No.2, March 1983, 133-140 4. Pleet, A. B., Newly-diagnosed Parkinsons disease a alterative update. Geriatrics, Vol. 1, No. 47, January 1992, 24-29 5. Shoushu, Jiao, Long-term correction of rat standard of Parkinsons disease by gene therapy. Nature, Vol. 362, No. 2, April 1, 1993, 450-453. 6. Langston, J. William, The next termination Presymptomatic detection. Geriatrics, Aug. 1991 5-7 7. Jenner, P. Clues to the chemical mechanism underlying dopamine cell death in Parkinsons disease. diary of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry. (1989) 22-28 Parkinsons Disease Essay -- Medicine health Biology ResearchParkinsons DiseaseParkinsons disease is a disease with a wide variety of disabilities recognizable as changes in appearance, posture, walking, and balance. In 1817, the English physician James Parkinson described these symptoms in his patients and has had his name become synonymous with the disease. In 1893 the substantia nigra of the basal ganglia was identified as an area of disease for Parkinsons. Examination with the naked eye reveals a lack of black pigment in this portion of the brainstem. Subsequent follow up with the microscope showed a deterioration of the nerve cells in this area. The circuitous relationship between the substantia nigra and the basal ganglia explains many of the symptoms of Parkinsons disease. Today the cause of the disease remains unknown, however, the biochemistry is well documented and recently discovered neurotoxins have us hot on the trail of this disease. Portions of the cerebellum are involved in the control of posture and balance and also modulate voluntary movement. The basal ganglia and the cerebellum interact with the cerebral cortex through a series of feedback circuits. The dentate and interpositus nuclei of the cerebellum project to the ventral lateral nucleus of the thalamus, which also recei ves projections from the globus pallidus and the substantia nigra. Recent evidence indicates, however, that none of these projections overlap in the ventral lateral nucleus. The ventral lateral nucleus projects to the primary motor and supplementary motor areas of the cerebral cortex. In turn, the motor cortex and other regions of the cerebrum project to the striatum to enter the basal ganglia circuit. Moreover, the motor cortex projects to the pons to enter the cerebellar circuit, includ... ...c hope. Bibliography 1. Barbeau, Andre and Fletcher McDowell L-Dopa and Parkinsonism, (F.A. Davis Company, 1970) 2. Calne, Donald B., Parkinsonism Physiology, Pharmacology and treatment. (Edward Arnold Publishers LTD, 1970) 3. Langston, J. W., MPTP induced Parkinsons syndrome. Science, Vol. 219, No.2, March 1983, 133-140 4. Pleet, A. B., Newly-diagnosed Parkinsons disease a therapeutic update. Geriatrics, Vol. 1, No. 47, January 1992, 24-29 5. Shoushu, Jiao, Long-term correction of rat model of Parkinsons disease by gene therapy. Nature, Vol. 362, No. 2, April 1, 1993, 450-453. 6. Langston, J. William, The next frontier Presymptomatic detection. Geriatrics, Aug. 1991 5-7 7. Jenner, P. Clues to the mechanism underlying dopamine cell death in Parkinsons disease. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry. (1989) 22-28